Final 3 Flashcards
What type of cells do you see in aspiration pneumonia?
Giant cells
Pontiac fever
Legionella
Foamy macrophages filling alveoli
Legionella
Hyponatremia, neurologic symptoms, & abdominal pain are suggestive of what?
Legionella
What is like a GNB but has no cell wall?
mycoplasma
Has reticulate body, elementary body life cycle
chlamydia
Cell mediated immunity is defective in what?
AIDS
Lymphomas
Organ transplant recipients
Pts on corticosteroid therapy
Bilateral infiltrates in perihilar region (butterfly)
Pneumocystis jirovecci
Modified acid fast stain
for Nocardia
2 types of humoral immune deficiency
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Asplenia
Humoral immune deficiency –> what pathogens?
Encapsulated bacteria:
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningiditis
Areas of innate immunity deficiency:
Neutrophils (deficiency or defect)
Complement
Antimicrobial peptides
What causes a neutrophil defect?
chronic granulomatous disease
Mycobacterium stain
Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain
Caridnal findings of leprosy
infiltrative skin lesions
hypoesthesia
peripheral neuropathy
Dimorphic fungi
yeasts at body temp
Hyphal form in nature
3 most common causes of pleural effusion
CHF - 500k
Bacterial pneumonia - 300k
Cancer - 200k
Pleural effusion physical exam findings
Reduced tactile fremitus
dull or flat note on percussion
diminished or absent breath sounds on ascultation
SARS is caused by which virus?
Coronavirus
What can resemble strep throat?
Viral pharyngitis with adenovrius
Flu symptoms
Abrupt onset of fever
severe headache
muscle ache
extreme exhaustion
Adamantane adverse reactions
Anticholinergic (dry mouth, pupillary dilation, toxic)
Central nervous system toxicity
Acyclovir adverse reaction
generally well tolerated
reversible renal dysfuntino in 5% treated with high doses for HSV encephalitis due to tubular precipitation of acyclovir
Cidofovir adverse effects
nephrotoxicity
drug is concentrated 100 fold in renal tubular cell
Foscarnet adverse reactions
impaired renal function, generally reversible, is the most common dose limiting side effect
anemia is seen in 20-50% of pts
Erythromycin adverse effects
GI
hearing loss
possible prolongation of QT & torsade de pointe
thrombophlebitis
Tetracycline elimination
All kidney, except doxycycline
Which are the anti-pseudomonal beta lactams?
piperacillin aztreonam carbapenem cefipime ceftazidime
3 most common malignancies that cause pleural effusion
breast, lung, lymphoma
Modified wells, levels:
0-1 –> low
2-6 –> moderate
7 & up –> high
Wells criteria, levels
0 - low
1-2 - moderate
3 & up - high
Which are the anti-pseudomonal beta lactams?
piperacillin aztreonam carbapenem cefipime ceftazidime
3 most common malignancies that cause pleural effusion
breast, lung, lymphoma
Modified wells, levels:
0-1 –> low
2-6 –> moderate
7 & up –> high
Wells criteria, levels
0 - low
1-2 - moderate
3 & up - high
