Final

Question 0

Homozygous alleles

Answer 0

TT or tt

Question 1

Heterozygous alleles

Answer 1

Tt

Question 2

Punnett square

Answer 2

Used to predict probabilities of particular outcomes

Always 9:3:3:1

Question 3

Law of segregation

Answer 3

Two alleles for a Character segregate during the formation of gametes (sex cells) so that each gamete carries only one allele error each character

Question 4

Gamete

Answer 4

Sex cells

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

When only one of the two heterozygous alleles appears to affect the trait that one is dominant

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

An allele that does not appear to affect the trait

Question 7

True breeding

Answer 7

They are purebred from parents with the same genotype

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

An alternative form of a gene

Example: the gene for one flower color in pea plants exists in one form for purple and in another form for white

Question 9

Mono hybrid cross

Answer 9

A pairing in which the parent plants differ in only one character

Question 10

Hybrid

Answer 10

The offspring of two different true breeding varieties

Question 11

Test cross

Answer 11

Breeds an individual of unknown genotype

Question 12

Dihybrid cross

Answer 12

Crossing organisms differing in two characters

Question 13

Intermediate inheritance

Answer 13

The heterozygous have a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotype a of the two homozygous

Question 14

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 14

When two or more genes affect a single character

Question 15

Sex linked gene

Answer 15

Any gene that is located on the sex chromosome

Question 16

Bacteriophage

Answer 16

A virus that infects a bacteria

Question 17

Virus

Answer 17

A package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat

Always a bad thing

Question 18

Nucleotides

Answer 18

Building blocks of nucleic acid polymers

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

The heritable genetic information of an organism is stored in the molecule called DNA

Question 20

DNA replication

Answer 20

Each two strands of the double helix unzip and act as a negative for a new complementary DNA strand

Question 21

DNA polymerase

Answer 21

Make the covalent bonds between nucleotides of the new DNA strand

Question 22

RNA

Answer 22

Is any nucleic acid whose sugar is ribose rather than the deoxyribose of DNA

Question 23

Transcription

Answer 23

DNA is converted to RNA in this and it occurs inside of the cell

Question 24

Translation

Answer 24

RNA is converted to protein outside of the cell | Nucleic acid to amino acid

Question 25

Codon

Answer 25

A three letter word that codes for one amino acid this occurs in a ribosome

Question 26

Messenger RNA

Answer 26

Brings info from DNA into the nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 27

R RNA

Answer 27

Assembles amino acids in the right order to build proteins

Question 28

tRNA

Answer 28

Transports amino acids to be made into proteins

Question 29

Karyotype

Answer 29

Display of a persons 46 chromosomes

Question 30

Genome

Answer 30

The complete set of genetic material in an organism

Question 31

Histones

Answer 31

DNA wraps around these small proteins

Question 32

Trisomy 21

Answer 32

There are 3 number 21 chromosomes (Down syndrome)

Question 33

Duplication

Answer 33

When part of a chromosome is repeated

Question 34

Deletion

Answer 34

When part of a chromosome is deleted

Question 35

Inversion

Answer 35

When part of a chromosome is reversed

Question 36

Translocation

Answer 36

Chromosome piece attaches to a non homologous chromosome

Question 37

Transposon

Answer 37

Jumping genes can land in the middle of other genes and disrupt them

Question 38

Pedigree

Answer 38

A family tree that records certain traits

Question 39

Adaptation

Answer 39

An inherited characteristic that improves an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Question 40

Descent with modification

Answer 40

The accumulation of different modifications or adaptations to diverse ways of life

Question 41

Natural selection

Answer 41

Individuals with inherited characteristics well suited to the environment leave more offspring on average than do other individuals

Question 42

Fossils

Answer 42

Preserved remains left behind by organisms

Question 43

The fossil record

Answer 43

This chronological collection of life's remains in the rock layers recorded during the passage of time

Question 44

Artificial selection

Answer 44

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with genetic traits that humans value

Question 45

Gene pool

Answer 45

Consists of all the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population

Question 46

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 46

Alleles in a gene poo,are constant over time

Question 47

Fitness

Answer 47

An organisms ability to reproduce

Question 48

Bottleneck affect

Answer 48

Affect of a species due to natural disasters

Question 49

Adaptive radiation

Answer 49

Uh evolution from a common ancestor that results in I diverse species adapted to different environments

Question 50

Geographic isolation

Answer 50

Separations of populations as a result of a geographic change

Question 51

Speciation

Answer 51

The origin of new species

Question 52

Taxonomy

Answer 52

Identification, naming, and classification of species

Question 53

Behavioral isolation

Answer 53

Two species might have different mating courtships so they cannot mate

Question 54

Habitat isolation

Answer 54

They may be adapted to different environments so they cannot reproduce

Question 55

Binomial

Answer 55

A two part name refers to the genus then species