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Biology Chapter 6 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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0
Q

Homozygous alleles

A

TT or tt

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1
Q

Heterozygous alleles

A

Tt

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2
Q

Punnett square

A

Used to predict probabilities of particular outcomes

Always 9:3:3:1

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3
Q

Law of segregation

A

Two alleles for a Character segregate during the formation of gametes (sex cells) so that each gamete carries only one allele error each character

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4
Q

Gamete

A

Sex cells

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5
Q

Dominant

A

When only one of the two heterozygous alleles appears to affect the trait that one is dominant

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6
Q

Recessive

A

An allele that does not appear to affect the trait

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7
Q

True breeding

A

They are purebred from parents with the same genotype

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8
Q

Allele

A

An alternative form of a gene

Example: the gene for one flower color in pea plants exists in one form for purple and in another form for white

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9
Q

Mono hybrid cross

A

A pairing in which the parent plants differ in only one character

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10
Q

Hybrid

A

The offspring of two different true breeding varieties

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11
Q

Test cross

A

Breeds an individual of unknown genotype

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12
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

Crossing organisms differing in two characters

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13
Q

Intermediate inheritance

A

The heterozygous have a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotype a of the two homozygous

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14
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

When two or more genes affect a single character

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15
Q

Sex linked gene

A

Any gene that is located on the sex chromosome

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16
Q

Bacteriophage

A

A virus that infects a bacteria

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17
Q

Virus

A

A package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat

Always a bad thing

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18
Q

Nucleotides

A

Building blocks of nucleic acid polymers

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19
Q

DNA

A

The heritable genetic information of an organism is stored in the molecule called DNA

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20
Q

DNA replication

A

Each two strands of the double helix unzip and act as a negative for a new complementary DNA strand

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21
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Make the covalent bonds between nucleotides of the new DNA strand

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22
Q

RNA

A

Is any nucleic acid whose sugar is ribose rather than the deoxyribose of DNA

23
Q

Transcription

A

DNA is converted to RNA in this and it occurs inside of the cell

24
Q

Translation

A

RNA is converted to protein outside of the cell

Nucleic acid to amino acid

25
Q

Codon

A

A three letter word that codes for one amino acid this occurs in a ribosome

26
Q

Messenger RNA

A

Brings info from DNA into the nucleus to cytoplasm

27
Q

R RNA

A

Assembles amino acids in the right order to build proteins

28
Q

tRNA

A

Transports amino acids to be made into proteins

29
Q

Karyotype

A

Display of a persons 46 chromosomes

30
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genetic material in an organism

31
Q

Histones

A

DNA wraps around these small proteins

32
Q

Trisomy 21

A

There are 3 number 21 chromosomes (Down syndrome)

33
Q

Duplication

A

When part of a chromosome is repeated

34
Q

Deletion

A

When part of a chromosome is deleted

35
Q

Inversion

A

When part of a chromosome is reversed

36
Q

Translocation

A

Chromosome piece attaches to a non homologous chromosome

37
Q

Transposon

A

Jumping genes can land in the middle of other genes and disrupt them

38
Q

Pedigree

A

A family tree that records certain traits

39
Q

Adaptation

A

An inherited characteristic that improves an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

40
Q

Descent with modification

A

The accumulation of different modifications or adaptations to diverse ways of life

41
Q

Natural selection

A

Individuals with inherited characteristics well suited to the environment leave more offspring on average than do other individuals

42
Q

Fossils

A

Preserved remains left behind by organisms

43
Q

The fossil record

A

This chronological collection of life’s remains in the rock layers recorded during the passage of time

44
Q

Artificial selection

A

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with genetic traits that humans value

45
Q

Gene pool

A

Consists of all the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population

46
Q

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

Alleles in a gene poo,are constant over time

47
Q

Fitness

A

An organisms ability to reproduce

48
Q

Bottleneck affect

A

Affect of a species due to natural disasters

49
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Uh evolution from a common ancestor that results in I diverse species adapted to different environments

50
Q

Geographic isolation

A

Separations of populations as a result of a geographic change

51
Q

Speciation

A

The origin of new species

52
Q

Taxonomy

A

Identification, naming, and classification of species

53
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

Two species might have different mating courtships so they cannot mate

54
Q

Habitat isolation

A

They may be adapted to different environments so they cannot reproduce

55
Q

Binomial

A

A two part name refers to the genus then species

Biology Chapter 6 (8 decks)

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