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Biology Chapter 6 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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0
Q

LM microscope definition

A

Light microscope, can magnify up to 1000x

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1
Q

What is cell theory

A
  1. all living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are basic unit of structure and function
  3. All comes from pre existing cells
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2
Q

SEM microscope

A

Scanning electron microscope, allows you to see the surface of things

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3
Q

TEM microscope

A

Transmission electron microscope, internal structures

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4
Q

Electron microscope

A

Can magnify up to 100,000,000x

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5
Q

Micrograph

A

Photograph of a view through a microscope

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6
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A 
"Earlier or before" 
lacks nucleus and most organelles
Small 
Found in bacteria and archaea 
Found in earths fossil record
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7
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

“True kernel”
Has membrane bound nucleus and organelles
Large
Found in Protists, plants, animals, fungi

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8
Q

Differences between plant and animal cells

A

Plant cells have chloroplast, a central vacuole, and cell wall
Animal cells have- centriole

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9
Q

Chloroplast

A

Found in plant cells (controls photosynthesis

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10
Q

Cell wall

A

In plant cells outside plasma membrane protection and maintaining cell shape

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11
Q

Large vacuole

A

Stores water in plant cells for photosynthesis

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12
Q

Centriole

A

In animal cell, helps with cell reproduction

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13
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

A double layer “sandwich” where the phosphate ends facing the watery inside and watery outside of a cell

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14
Q

Functions of membrane proteins

A

Enzyme activity, cell to cell recognition, cell signaling, transport of materials

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15
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of particles from more concentrated to less.

16
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

Differences between two concentrations, molecules always move down the concentration gradient

17
Q

Equilibrium

A

Point where number of diffusing molecules moving in one direction is equal to the moving in the opposite direction

18
Q

Passive transport

A

Selectively permeable membrane allows some substances to cross membrane more easily and block others with no energy

19
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Pathway provided by transport proteins that help certain molecules pass through a membrane

20
Q

Osmosis

A

The passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane

21
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Solution with higher concentration of solute

22
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Solution with a lower solute concentration

23
Q

Isotonic

A

Water concentration of a solute is equal

24
Q

Active transport

A

Cell expands energy to move molecules and ions across the membrane

25
Q

Transport proteins

A

Pump solute from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration(against the gradient)

26
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA attached to long protein fibers

27
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

28
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of membranes that handles manufacturing and transportation

29
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes attached proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport

30
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes, build lipid molecules

31
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Processing and shipping center if the cell, routes proteins and other products

32
Q

Vacuoles

A

Large membrane bound sacs, stores I digested nutrients

33
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain digestive enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides digest food, bacteria, damaged organelles

34
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of cellular respiration, forms ATP- main energy source for cells

35
Q

Microtubule

A

Straight hollow tubes of protein give cells rigidly, shape and organization

36
Q

Microfilaments

A

Thin solid rods of protein enable cell to change shape

37
Q

Flagella

A

Long thin whiplike, made of

microtubules

38
Q

Cilia

A

Shorter and more numerous, can help an organism move or make mucus move down the esophagus

Biology Chapter 6 (8 decks)

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