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ST120 > Final!!! > Flashcards

Final!!! Flashcards

0
Q

What is the study of diseases and disorders?

A

Pathology

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1
Q

What is the study of the STRUCTURE of the body or organism?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

What is the study of the FUNCTION of a living organism?

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane?

A

Osmosis

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4
Q

What is the movement of a substance into or out of a cell in a direction opposite in which it would normally flow by diffusion?

A

Active transport

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5
Q

What means outside of a cell?

A

Extracellular

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6
Q

What means within a cell?

A

Intracellular

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7
Q

What organelle that produces energy for a cell?

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

What means between the spaces or structures in an organ?

A

Interstitial

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9
Q

What is accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces?

A

Edema

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10
Q

What process of a cell division that halves the chromosome # in the formation of reproductive cells?

A

Meiosis

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11
Q

What is an organic compound, made of amino acids that contains nitrogen, in addition to carbon, oxygen and hydrogen?

A

Protein

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12
Q

What are simple sugars or compound made from simple sugars linked together such as starch and glycogen?

A

Carbohydrates

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13
Q

What is a type of organic compound such as fat?

A

Lipid

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14
Q

What means going to a given point, such as a sensory neuron that carries nerve impulses TO the central nervous system?

A

Afferent

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15
Q

What means away from a given point, such as a motor neuron that carries nerve impulses AWAY from the central nervous system?

A

Efferent

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16
Q

What are chemical reaction needed to sustain life?

A

Metabolism

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17
Q

What is metabolic breakdown of substances into simpler substances such as digestion of food and the oxidation of nutrient molecules for energy?

A

Catabolism

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18
Q

What is metabolic building of simple compounds to more complex substances needed by the body?

A

Anabolism

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19
Q

What is the process that breaks food molecules down, releasing stored energy and requires oxygen?

A

Catabolism

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20
Q

What is the rate at which energy is released from nutrients in the cell?

A

Metabolic rate

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21
Q

What is an organic catalyst that speeds the rate of a reaction, but is not changed in the reaction?

A

Enzyme

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22
Q

What is the maintenance of the body conditions within set limits?

A

Homeostasis

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23
Q

What is a self regulating system in which a result of an action is the control over that action, that keeps the body conditions within a normal range and maintains homeostasis?

A

Negative feedback

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24
Q

What is a pathogen that normally does not cause a disease, but is able to cause illness in a weak ended host who’s resistance is down?

A

Opportunistic pathogen

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25
Q

What is present at birth?

A

Congenital

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26
Q

What is maintenance of the body environment?

A

Homeostasis

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27
Q

What is a chemical substance that prevents a sharp change in a pH of a fluid when an acid or base is added to it?

A

Buffer

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28
Q

What means nearer to the head?

A

Cephalad (#87 change cranial to Cephalad)

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29
Q

What term means. War the midline?

A

Medial

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30
Q

What suffix means to “cut into” or “surgical incision?”

A

-otomy

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31
Q

What prefix means 2?

A

Bi-

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32
Q

What suffix means “surgical removal?”

A

-ectomy

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33
Q

What are 3 meanings of the prefixes “a-, an-?”

A
  1. Absent
  2. Lack of
  3. Deficient
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34
Q

What are 2 root words for uterus?

A
  1. Hister

2. Hister/o

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35
Q

What is the best way to interpret a medical term?

A

Define suffix first, and continue to read backwards through the word as it is defined.

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36
Q

What is the plural ending of a medical term that ends in “-a”?

A

-ae

Vertebra = vertebrae

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37
Q

What structures are contained in the dorsal cavity?

A

Brain & spinal Chord

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38
Q

What is the organizational system of the body?

A

Cells➡️tissues️➡️organ➡️organ system➡️organism

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39
Q

What is the pH of a neutral substance?

A

7

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40
Q

What kind of ions acids and bases contain?

A 
Acids= H+
Bases= OH-
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41
Q

What is the stoppage of blood flow?

A

Hemostasis

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42
Q

What is loss of blood?

A

Hemorrhage

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43
Q

What is blood clotting?

A

Coagulation

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44
Q

What is a localized blood clot?

A

Thrombus

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45
Q

What is another word for platelets, which is a cell fragment that participates in clotting?

A

Thrombocytes

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46
Q

What is a mature red blood cell that carries oxygen?

A

Erythrocyte

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47
Q

What is the process of I gilding large particles through the cell membrane?

A

Phagocytosis

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48
Q

What substance is produced in response to a specific antigen?

A

Antibody

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49
Q

What is the lack of blood flow?

A

Ischemia

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50
Q

What is blood minus its formed elements?

A

Plasma

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51
Q

What is PLASMA PROTEIN responsible for blood clotting?

A

Fibrinogen

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52
Q

What is formed when red pigment in RBCs unite with oxygen?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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53
Q

What is the universal recipient?

A

AB+

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54
Q

What condition is caused by deficiency of vitamins B12?

A

Pernicious anemia

55
Q

What are foreign substance that procures an immune response?

A

Antigen

56
Q

What is the process by which artificial device is used to remove or separates waste from the blood?

A

Hemodialysis

57
Q

What helps ensure the patients blood clots properly?

A

Vitamin K

58
Q

What is responsible for making bold cells for the body?

A

Myeloid tissue

59
Q

What is a non-granular white blood cell?

A

Monocyte

60
Q

What is a membrane that produces mucus (mucous membrane)?

A

Mucosa

61
Q

What is a substance produced in the liver that emulsifies fat?

A

Bile

62
Q

What are small finger-like projections from the surface of a membrane digested food is absorbed?

A

Villi

63
Q

What is a leaf shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

64
Q

What is a mixture of partially digested food, water, digestive juices that forms in the stomach?

A

Chyme

65
Q

What term means swallowing?

A

Deglutition

66
Q

(LES)-what sphincter prevents esophageal regurgitation?

A

Cardiac sphincter

67
Q

What plays integral role in closing of the nasal passage during swallowing to prevent food from moving upward to the nasal cavity?

A

Uvula

68
Q

Where are kupffer’s cells located?

A

The liver

69
Q

What is another name for bicuspids?

A

Premolars

70
Q

What is the endocrine system responsible for?

A
  1. Regulation of growth
  2. Metabolism
  3. Reproduction
71
Q

What hormone is responsible for the activity of the thymus?

A

Thymosin

72
Q

What endocrine gland, in the upper portion of the chest that stimulates the development of T-cells?

A

Thymus

73
Q

What is produced within the beta cells of the pancreas and islets of langerhans?

A

Amylin

74
Q

What is produced by most body tissues, perform many body functions that are not fully understood; act near site of production?

A

Prostaglandins

75
Q

What are known as category of lipids that include the hormones of the sex glands and the adrenal cortex?

A

Steroids

76
Q

What hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex and produced in the anterior pituitary?

A

ACTH

77
Q

What is the posterior pituitary hormone that promotes reabsorption of water from the kidneys, there by decreasing the amount of urine excreted?

A

ADH

78
Q

What is the secretion of milk?

A

Lactation

79
Q

What is active in immunity, destroys foreign cells directly, and mature in the thymus?

A

T-cells

80
Q

What is one of 4 main types of tissue that forms glands, covers surfaces, and lines cavities?

A

Epithelial tissue

81
Q

What decreases calcium in the blood?

A

Calcitonin

82
Q

What is the secretion of an endocrine gland that is a chemical messenger that has specific regulatory effects on certain other cells?

A

Hormone

83
Q

What is produced in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and lowers blood sugar?

A

Insulin

84
Q

What gland produces sweat?

A

Sudoriferous gland

85
Q

What region of the brain controls the pituitary and maintains homeostasis?

A

Hypothalamus

86
Q

What is the production of too much hormone, by a diseased gland?

A

Hypersecretion

87
Q

What are the other two names of the pituitary gland?

A
  1. Master Gland

2. Hypophysis

88
Q

Where do endocrine glands secrete?

A

Directly into the blood

89
Q

What is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Systole

90
Q

What is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Diastole

91
Q

What is a cavity or chamber, such as one or two lower chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricle

92
Q

What is rapid, random, ineffective contractions of the heart?

A

Fibrillation

93
Q

What are the two upper chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

94
Q

What serves as a shunt in the developing fetus, that allows most blood to bypass the immature liver, and dumps into the inferior vena cava?

A

Ductus Venosus

95
Q

What shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium?

A

Foramen ovale

96
Q

Where is the sino-atrial node?

A

RIGHT atria

97
Q

Where is the bundle of his located?

A

Interventricular septum

98
Q

What structure conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver?

A

Hepatic portal vein

99
Q

What is a substance produced in response to a certain antigen?

A

Antibody

100
Q

What is a fever inducing substance?

A

Pyrogen

101
Q

What refers to the attraction of an antigen to injured tissue?

A

Chemotaxis

102
Q

What are 2 other names for adenoids?

A
  1. Pharyngeal

2. Oropharangeal

103
Q

What are capillaries of the lymphatic system that drain digested fats from the villi of the s intestine?

A

Lacteals

104
Q

What is the milky appearing fluid absorbed into the lymphatic system from the small intestine consisting of lymph and droplets of digested fats?

A

Chyle

105
Q

What is a mass of lymphoid tissue along the pathogen a lymphatic vessels that filters lymph and harbors white blood cells active in immunity?

A

Lymph node

106
Q

What is abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid?

A

Lymphedema

107
Q

What is a powerful natural body agent that inhibits the symphysis of proteins that viruses require for multiplications?

A

Interferons

108
Q

When are interferons produced?

A

In response to infections

109
Q

What blood vessel that is between a blood vessel and an artery?

A

Arteriole

110
Q

What decreases the diameter of a blood vessel?

A

Vasoconstriction

111
Q

What is a fluid filled sac that surrounds and fusions the developing fetus?

A

Amniotic sac

112
Q

What is the lining of the uterus?

A

Endometrium

113
Q

What is another word for offspring?

A

Progeny

114
Q

What is the male productive gland?

A

Testis

115
Q

What is the yellow body that produces progesterone that is formed that is formed from an ovarian follicle after ovulation?

A

Corpus Luteum

116
Q

What is a developing offspring from the 3rd month of pregnancy until birth?

A

Fetus

117
Q

What is the tube that permits sperm to exit from The epididymis and pass from the scrotal sac upward in the abdominal cavity?

A

Ductus vas deferens

118
Q

What is a single cell formed by the union of the sperm and ovum?

A

Zygote

119
Q

What is it called when a baby is born with one undescended testicle?

A

Cryptochidism

120
Q

What is formed in the walls of the seminiferous tubules and are then released into the lumen to begin their journey to exterior of the body?

A

Sperm

121
Q

What is a dome shaped muscle under the lungs that flattered a during inhalation?

A

Diaphragm

122
Q

What is the region between the lungs, and the organs and vessels it contains?

A

Mediastinum

123
Q

What is the serous membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs?

A

Pleura

124
Q

What is the exchange of gasses between the blood and alveoli by diffusion?

A

External respiration

125
Q

What are 3, sometimes 4 scroll-like structure located in the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal conchae

126
Q

What is the substance that helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli?

A

Alveoli surfactant

127
Q

What is the hormone released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow?

A

Erythropoietin

128
Q

What is the substance formed in the blood by the action of the enzyme renin from the kidneys that increases blood pressure by causing constriction of the blood vessels and stimulating the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

A

Angiotensin

129
Q

What is the long tube that conducts ursine from the kidney to the bladder?

A

Ureter

130
Q

What is the scientific name for the act of urination or voiding of the urinary bladder?

A

Micturation

131
Q

What is the a absence of urine?

A

Anuria

132
Q

Where is the bladder located?

A

Posterior of the pubic symphysis

133
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located?

A

Below the prostate

134
Q

What is the waste that builds up if the kidneys fail to function properly as a result of protein breakdown?

A

Nitrogenous

135
Q

What is the structure through which blood flow re-enters the circulatory system after it leaves the kidney?

A

Renal vein

ST120 (10 decks)

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