Exam 9: Endocrine System

Question 0

What is produced by the pineal gland and influences sleep/wake cycle?

Answer 0

Melatonin

Question 1

Hormone secretion is regulated by?

Answer 1

Negative feedback system

Question 2

What are small glands approximately the size of an olive or a cherry located in the sella tunica of the sphenoid bone, also attaches to hypothalamus by the infundibulum?

Answer 2

Pituitary gland

Question 3

What is considered the “master gland” and it’s other name is hypophysis?

Answer 3

Pituitary gland

Question 4

What is a specialized circulatory pathway between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Answer 4

Portal system

Question 5

What hormone promotes growth of all body tissues?

Answer 5

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 6

What stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Answer 6

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 7

What stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormone?

Answer 7

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 8

What stimulates mammary glands to produce milk??

Answer 8

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 9

What stimulates growth and activity of the gonads?

Answer 9

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 10

What causes ovulation a and sex hormone secretions in women and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) and causes sex hormone secretions in men, both stimulate secretion?

Answer 10

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 11

What is a pituitary hormone that acts to promoted retention of water by the kidney and increases blood pressure?

Answer 11

Vasopressin (aka anti diuretic hormone)

Question 12

What type of diabetes is where ADH is low or ineffective?

Answer 12

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 13

What is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary hormone?

Answer 13

Oxytocin

Question 14

What pituitary disorder of overproduction of GH during childhood?

Answer 14

Gigantism

Question 15

What 3 hormones that are produced by the thyroid?

Answer 15

1. Thyroxine (T4)
2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
3. Calcitonin (active in calcium metabolism)

Question 16

What disease is common with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 16

Grave’a disease

Question 17

What is associates with Grave’s disease?

Answer 17

Exophthalmos (protruding of the eyes)

Question 18

Where is the parathyroid Hormone (PTH) found?

Answer 18

Parathyroid

Question 19

What is one of three substances that regulate calcium metabolism?

Answer 19

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 20

What is mainly made up of cortisol and at times called hydrocortisone?

Answer 20

Glucocorticoids

Question 21

What is mainly made up of aldosterone and regulates electrolyte balance?

Answer 21

Mineralcorticoids

Question 22

Where are sex hormones secreted?

Answer 22

Adrenal cortex

Question 23

What influences secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 23

Sex hormones (gonadocorticoids)

Question 24

What syndrome is a result of hyper secretion of cortisol? (I.e prolonged exposure to elevated levels of cortisol)

Answer 24

Cushing's Syndrome

Question 25

What is the hormone of the adrenal medulla and is responsible for: 1. Increase blood pressure and heart rate 2. Activate cells influenced by sympathetic nervous system and others 3. Conversion of glycogen to glucose 4. Fight or flight hormones

Answer 25

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 26

What 2 hormones are produced by the islets of the pancreas and acts to regulate glucose levels in the body?

Answer 26

1. Insulin | 2. Glucagon

Question 27

What's produced in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans and lowers blood sugar level?

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

What's produced in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans and causes liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream and increasing blood sugar levels?

Answer 28

Glucagon

Question 29

What type of diabetes that can occur during pregnancy?

Answer 29

Gestational diabetes

Question 30

What is the male sex hormone produced in the testes?

Answer 30

Testosterone

Question 31

What is the female hormone produced in the ovaries that stimulates development and function of the female reproduction organs?

Answer 31

Estrogen

Question 32

What hormone assists in the normal development of pregnancy?

Answer 32

Progesterone

Question 33

What produces thymosin and assists in maturation of T lymphocytes after they leave the thymus and reside in the lymph nodes through out the body?

Answer 33

Thymus gland

Question 34

What produces several hormone during pregnancy including HCG (measured during a pregnancy test)?

Answer 34

Placenta