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ST120 > Exam 9: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Exam 9: Endocrine System Flashcards

0
Q

What is produced by the pineal gland and influences sleep/wake cycle?

A

Melatonin

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1
Q

Hormone secretion is regulated by?

A

Negative feedback system

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2
Q

What are small glands approximately the size of an olive or a cherry located in the sella tunica of the sphenoid bone, also attaches to hypothalamus by the infundibulum?

A

Pituitary gland

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3
Q

What is considered the “master gland” and it’s other name is hypophysis?

A

Pituitary gland

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4
Q

What is a specialized circulatory pathway between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

A

Portal system

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5
Q

What hormone promotes growth of all body tissues?

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

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6
Q

What stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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7
Q

What stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormone?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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8
Q

What stimulates mammary glands to produce milk??

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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9
Q

What stimulates growth and activity of the gonads?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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10
Q

What causes ovulation a and sex hormone secretions in women and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) and causes sex hormone secretions in men, both stimulate secretion?

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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11
Q

What is a pituitary hormone that acts to promoted retention of water by the kidney and increases blood pressure?

A

Vasopressin (aka anti diuretic hormone)

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12
Q

What type of diabetes is where ADH is low or ineffective?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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13
Q

What is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary hormone?

A

Oxytocin

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14
Q

What pituitary disorder of overproduction of GH during childhood?

A

Gigantism

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15
Q

What 3 hormones that are produced by the thyroid?

A
  1. Thyroxine (T4)
  2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
  3. Calcitonin (active in calcium metabolism)
16
Q

What disease is common with hyperthyroidism?

A

Grave’a disease

17
Q

What is associates with Grave’s disease?

A

Exophthalmos (protruding of the eyes)

18
Q

Where is the parathyroid Hormone (PTH) found?

A

Parathyroid

19
Q

What is one of three substances that regulate calcium metabolism?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

20
Q

What is mainly made up of cortisol and at times called hydrocortisone?

A

Glucocorticoids

21
Q

What is mainly made up of aldosterone and regulates electrolyte balance?

A

Mineralcorticoids

22
Q

Where are sex hormones secreted?

A

Adrenal cortex

23
Q

What influences secondary sex characteristics?

A

Sex hormones (gonadocorticoids)

24
Q

What syndrome is a result of hyper secretion of cortisol? (I.e prolonged exposure to elevated levels of cortisol)

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

25
Q

What is the hormone of the adrenal medulla and is responsible for:

  1. Increase blood pressure and heart rate
  2. Activate cells influenced by sympathetic nervous system and others
  3. Conversion of glycogen to glucose
  4. Fight or flight hormones
A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

26
Q

What 2 hormones are produced by the islets of the pancreas and acts to regulate glucose levels in the body?

A
  1. Insulin

2. Glucagon

27
Q

What’s produced in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans and lowers blood sugar level?

A

Insulin

28
Q

What’s produced in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans and causes liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream and increasing blood sugar levels?

A

Glucagon

29
Q

What type of diabetes that can occur during pregnancy?

A

Gestational diabetes

30
Q

What is the male sex hormone produced in the testes?

A

Testosterone

31
Q

What is the female hormone produced in the ovaries that stimulates development and function of the female reproduction organs?

A

Estrogen

32
Q

What hormone assists in the normal development of pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

33
Q

What produces thymosin and assists in maturation of T lymphocytes after they leave the thymus and reside in the lymph nodes through out the body?

A

Thymus gland

34
Q

What produces several hormone during pregnancy including HCG (measured during a pregnancy test)?

A

Placenta

ST120 (10 decks)

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