Exam 9: Endocrine System Flashcards
What is produced by the pineal gland and influences sleep/wake cycle?
Melatonin
Hormone secretion is regulated by?
Negative feedback system
What are small glands approximately the size of an olive or a cherry located in the sella tunica of the sphenoid bone, also attaches to hypothalamus by the infundibulum?
Pituitary gland
What is considered the “master gland” and it’s other name is hypophysis?
Pituitary gland
What is a specialized circulatory pathway between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
Portal system
What hormone promotes growth of all body tissues?
Growth Hormone (GH)
What stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
What stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormone?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
What stimulates mammary glands to produce milk??
Prolactin (PRL)
What stimulates growth and activity of the gonads?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
What causes ovulation a and sex hormone secretions in women and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) and causes sex hormone secretions in men, both stimulate secretion?
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
What is a pituitary hormone that acts to promoted retention of water by the kidney and increases blood pressure?
Vasopressin (aka anti diuretic hormone)
What type of diabetes is where ADH is low or ineffective?
Diabetes Mellitus
What is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary hormone?
Oxytocin
What pituitary disorder of overproduction of GH during childhood?
Gigantism
What 3 hormones that are produced by the thyroid?
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Calcitonin (active in calcium metabolism)
What disease is common with hyperthyroidism?
Grave’a disease
What is associates with Grave’s disease?
Exophthalmos (protruding of the eyes)
Where is the parathyroid Hormone (PTH) found?
Parathyroid
What is one of three substances that regulate calcium metabolism?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is mainly made up of cortisol and at times called hydrocortisone?
Glucocorticoids
What is mainly made up of aldosterone and regulates electrolyte balance?
Mineralcorticoids
Where are sex hormones secreted?
Adrenal cortex
What influences secondary sex characteristics?
Sex hormones (gonadocorticoids)
What syndrome is a result of hyper secretion of cortisol? (I.e prolonged exposure to elevated levels of cortisol)
Cushing’s Syndrome
What is the hormone of the adrenal medulla and is responsible for:
- Increase blood pressure and heart rate
- Activate cells influenced by sympathetic nervous system and others
- Conversion of glycogen to glucose
- Fight or flight hormones
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What 2 hormones are produced by the islets of the pancreas and acts to regulate glucose levels in the body?
- Insulin
2. Glucagon
What’s produced in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans and lowers blood sugar level?
Insulin
What’s produced in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans and causes liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream and increasing blood sugar levels?
Glucagon
What type of diabetes that can occur during pregnancy?
Gestational diabetes
What is the male sex hormone produced in the testes?
Testosterone
What is the female hormone produced in the ovaries that stimulates development and function of the female reproduction organs?
Estrogen
What hormone assists in the normal development of pregnancy?
Progesterone
What produces thymosin and assists in maturation of T lymphocytes after they leave the thymus and reside in the lymph nodes through out the body?
Thymus gland
What produces several hormone during pregnancy including HCG (measured during a pregnancy test)?
Placenta
