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Biology > Final 2015 > Flashcards

Final 2015 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

subatomic particles

A

proton,neutron, electron

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2
Q

atom

A

basic unit of matter

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3
Q

compounds

A

ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

science

A

a way of gathering information

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5
Q

properties of water

A

polarity

hydrogen bonds-weak

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6
Q

solution

A

homegenous mixture

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7
Q

organic compounds

A

any compound is or was in organism

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8
Q

chemical compounds

A

substances formed by the combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
ex: NaCl

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9
Q

acid

A

is any compound that forms H+ ions in solution

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10
Q

bases

A

is a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution

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11
Q

neutral

A

has a pH of 7 to 8

ex: blood and water

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12
Q

pH scale

A

a scale that measures the pH of materials

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13
Q

monomer

A

monomers make up polymers

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14
Q

carbohydrates

A

main source of energy for most things, store excess sugar as starch in plants and some algae, and is a structural building block

CHO

ex: sugars and starches(polymers)

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15
Q

lipids

A

store energy and structural molecules
not soluble in water
they are not polymers
made of C&H

CHO

ex:fats,oils,steroids,waxes,phospholipids

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16
Q

nucleic acids

A

store and pass along genetic information to the next generation

CHONP

polymers made of chains of nucleotides
2 types of nucleic acids- DNA and RNA

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17
Q

proteins

A

control the rate of reactions, structural, transport substances, chemical signals and fight disease

CHON

amino acids make up proteins- monomers
peptide bonds-bonds between amino acids

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18
Q

enzyme

A

controls the rate of reactions;
biological catalyst
they are never used up or changed
“ase” indicates that it is an enzyme

3 things that affect the rate of enzymes-
temperature, pH, and regulatory molecules

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19
Q

active transport

A
  • requires ATP

- moving substances from an area of low concentration to high concentration

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20
Q

passive transport

A
  • doesn’t require energy

- an area of high concentration to low concentration

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21
Q

ATP synthase

& it’s function in energy

A

molecule that acts as an enzyme that makes ATP

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22
Q

purpose of cellular respiration

A

to make ATP

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23
Q

nucleotide

A

it is a monomer of nucleic acids

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24
Q

calorie

A

a measure of the energy needed to raise the temperature of a gram

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25
Q

melvin calvin

A

calvin cycle

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26
Q

saturated fat

A

contains the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms

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27
Q

unsaturated fat

A

has at least one carbon-carbon double bond

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28
Q

types of fermentation

A

alcohol and lactic acid

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29
Q

peer review

A

is the ability to anonymously review scientific papers; peer review allows researchers to share ideas and to test each other’s work

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30
Q

macromolecules

A

formed by polymerization (giant molecules)
monomers- 1 part/little
polymers- many parts/big

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

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31
Q

micrometer and nanometer

A

um and nano

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32
Q

isotopes

A

always have the same number of protons
atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons
same chemical properties except mass

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33
Q

buffers

A

are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

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34
Q

concentration gradience

A

high concentration and low concentration

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35
Q

homeostasis

A

to maintain a stable environment in the body

36
Q

science

A

an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world

37
Q

uncertainty

A

is the part of the scientific process

38
Q

inference

A

is a logical interpretation based on what scientists know

39
Q

controlled experiment

A

is when 1 variable is changed only

40
Q

what is an independent variable

A

a variable that is deliberately changed

41
Q

what is a dependent variable

A

variable changes in response to the manipulated variable

42
Q

control group

A

is a group that is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for 1 independent variable

43
Q

what scientific attitudes help generate new ideas

A

curiosity, skepticism, open-minded, and creativity

44
Q

scientific theory

A

describes a well-tested explanation for range of phenomena

45
Q

bias

A

is a particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific

46
Q

protons

A

positively charged particles

47
Q

neutrons

A

neutrally charged particles

48
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged particles

49
Q

element

A

is a pure substance that consists entire;y of one type pf atom

50
Q

atomic number

A

is the number of protons

51
Q

radioactive isotope

A

that the nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time

52
Q

ion

A

is either a positively or negatively charged atom

53
Q

ionic bond

A

is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another

54
Q

covalent bond

A

is formed when moving electrons actually traveling about the nuclei of both atoms

55
Q

hydrogen bond

A

is the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge; is weaker than covalent or ionic bonds

56
Q

molecules

A

smallest unit of most compounds

57
Q

polar molecule

A

when water has 1 or more atoms on each side

58
Q

polarity

A

is caused when a molecule has 1 or more atoms at 1 side with a plus charge and 1 or more atoms at 1 side with a negative charge, but is neutral as a whole molecule

59
Q

cohesion

A

is an attraction between molecules of the same substance

60
Q

adhesion

A

is attracting different substances

61
Q

surface tension

A

the strong attraction between water molecules that produces a force

62
Q

mixture

A

is a material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together

63
Q

solution

A

is a type of mixture formed when ions gradually become disperse in the water

64
Q

monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

65
Q

monomers of proteins

A

amino acids

66
Q

cell

A

the smallest unit of life

67
Q

variable

A

is any condition that may cause a change in the system being studied

68
Q

deductive reasoning

A

is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on assuming certain general principles

69
Q

inductive reasoning

A

is a logical process in which multiple premises that are combined to obtain a specific conclusion

70
Q

observation

A

carefully gathering information

71
Q

quantitative data

A

numbers

72
Q

qualitative data

A

description

73
Q

hypothesis

A

interpretation that has to be testable; a proposed scientific explanation for observations

74
Q

matter

A

everything that has mass and takes up space

75
Q

orbital

A

shell

76
Q

valence

A

outer shell

77
Q

carbon compounds

A

organic compounds

78
Q

carbon

A

backbone of all of the molecules of living tissue

carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons

79
Q

polymerization

A

forming a big molecule by linking little ones together

80
Q

chemical reactions

A

reactions that happen in an organism are based on this
ex: growth, digestion, reproduction, and movement
it is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
matter&energy are both conserved during chemical reactions

81
Q

all living things have a source of energy

A

true
plants=sun
animals=food/sun
humans=food/sun

82
Q

activation energy

A

energy required to get a chemical reaction to start

83
Q

catalyst

A

speeds up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy

84
Q

micro

A

0.000,001

85
Q

nano

A

0.000,000,001

86
Q

deka

A

10

87
Q

micrometer

A 
um
average human cell is about 20 um
bacteria is about 2 um
1 mm= 1000 um
1 um= 1000mm

Biology (22 decks)

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