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Biology > Final 2015 > Flashcards

Final 2015 Flashcards

1
Q

subatomic particles

A

proton,neutron, electron

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2
Q

atom

A

basic unit of matter

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3
Q

compounds

A

ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

science

A

a way of gathering information

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5
Q

properties of water

A

polarity

hydrogen bonds-weak

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6
Q

solution

A

homegenous mixture

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7
Q

organic compounds

A

any compound is or was in organism

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8
Q

chemical compounds

A

substances formed by the combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
ex: NaCl

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9
Q

acid

A

is any compound that forms H+ ions in solution

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10
Q

bases

A

is a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution

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11
Q

neutral

A

has a pH of 7 to 8

ex: blood and water

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12
Q

pH scale

A

a scale that measures the pH of materials

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13
Q

monomer

A

monomers make up polymers

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14
Q

carbohydrates

A

main source of energy for most things, store excess sugar as starch in plants and some algae, and is a structural building block

CHO

ex: sugars and starches(polymers)

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15
Q

lipids

A

store energy and structural molecules
not soluble in water
they are not polymers
made of C&H

CHO

ex:fats,oils,steroids,waxes,phospholipids

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16
Q

nucleic acids

A

store and pass along genetic information to the next generation

CHONP

polymers made of chains of nucleotides
2 types of nucleic acids- DNA and RNA

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17
Q

proteins

A

control the rate of reactions, structural, transport substances, chemical signals and fight disease

CHON

amino acids make up proteins- monomers
peptide bonds-bonds between amino acids

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18
Q

enzyme

A

controls the rate of reactions;
biological catalyst
they are never used up or changed
“ase” indicates that it is an enzyme

3 things that affect the rate of enzymes-
temperature, pH, and regulatory molecules

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19
Q

active transport

A
  • requires ATP

- moving substances from an area of low concentration to high concentration

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20
Q

passive transport

A
  • doesn’t require energy

- an area of high concentration to low concentration

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21
Q

ATP synthase

& it’s function in energy

A

molecule that acts as an enzyme that makes ATP

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22
Q

purpose of cellular respiration

A

to make ATP

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23
Q

nucleotide

A

it is a monomer of nucleic acids

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24
Q

calorie

A

a measure of the energy needed to raise the temperature of a gram

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25
melvin calvin
calvin cycle
26
saturated fat
contains the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
27
unsaturated fat
has at least one carbon-carbon double bond
28
types of fermentation
alcohol and lactic acid
29
peer review
is the ability to anonymously review scientific papers; peer review allows researchers to share ideas and to test each other's work
30
macromolecules
formed by polymerization (giant molecules) monomers- 1 part/little polymers- many parts/big lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
31
micrometer and nanometer
um and nano
32
isotopes
always have the same number of protons atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons same chemical properties except mass
33
buffers
are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
34
concentration gradience
high concentration and low concentration
35
homeostasis
to maintain a stable environment in the body
36
science
an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world
37
uncertainty
is the part of the scientific process
38
inference
is a logical interpretation based on what scientists know
39
controlled experiment
is when 1 variable is changed only
40
what is an independent variable
a variable that is deliberately changed
41
what is a dependent variable
variable changes in response to the manipulated variable
42
control group
is a group that is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for 1 independent variable
43
what scientific attitudes help generate new ideas
curiosity, skepticism, open-minded, and creativity
44
scientific theory
describes a well-tested explanation for range of phenomena
45
bias
is a particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific
46
protons
positively charged particles
47
neutrons
neutrally charged particles
48
electrons
negatively charged particles
49
element
is a pure substance that consists entire;y of one type pf atom
50
atomic number
is the number of protons
51
radioactive isotope
that the nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time
52
ion
is either a positively or negatively charged atom
53
ionic bond
is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another
54
covalent bond
is formed when moving electrons actually traveling about the nuclei of both atoms
55
hydrogen bond
is the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge; is weaker than covalent or ionic bonds
56
molecules
smallest unit of most compounds
57
polar molecule
when water has 1 or more atoms on each side
58
polarity
is caused when a molecule has 1 or more atoms at 1 side with a plus charge and 1 or more atoms at 1 side with a negative charge, but is neutral as a whole molecule
59
cohesion
is an attraction between molecules of the same substance
60
adhesion
is attracting different substances
61
surface tension
the strong attraction between water molecules that produces a force
62
mixture
is a material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together
63
solution
is a type of mixture formed when ions gradually become disperse in the water
64
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotide
65
monomers of proteins
amino acids
66
cell
the smallest unit of life
67
variable
is any condition that may cause a change in the system being studied
68
deductive reasoning
is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on assuming certain general principles
69
inductive reasoning
is a logical process in which multiple premises that are combined to obtain a specific conclusion
70
observation
carefully gathering information
71
quantitative data
numbers
72
qualitative data
description
73
hypothesis
interpretation that has to be testable; a proposed scientific explanation for observations
74
matter
everything that has mass and takes up space
75
orbital
shell
76
valence
outer shell
77
carbon compounds
organic compounds
78
carbon
backbone of all of the molecules of living tissue | carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons
79
polymerization
forming a big molecule by linking little ones together
80
chemical reactions
reactions that happen in an organism are based on this ex: growth, digestion, reproduction, and movement it is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals matter&energy are both conserved during chemical reactions
81
all living things have a source of energy
true plants=sun animals=food/sun humans=food/sun
82
activation energy
energy required to get a chemical reaction to start
83
catalyst
speeds up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy
84
micro
0.000,001
85
nano
0.000,000,001
86
deka
10
87
micrometer
``` um average human cell is about 20 um bacteria is about 2 um 1 mm= 1000 um 1 um= 1000mm ```

Biology (22 decks)

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