All the Organelles Flashcards
elle =
small organs
nucleus=control room
control center of the cell
contains almost all of the cells DNA
surrounded by a nuclear envelope=2 layers or lipid bilayer just like the cell membrane
also has pores that allow transport in and out of nucleus
chromatin=DNA+protein
dense dark area=nucleolus
DNA/chromosome= factory manager
instructions for the manufacture of proteins
information for making proteins
chromosome=
chromatin twisted up
nucelolus
=dense, dark area in nucleus function is to make ribosomes
ribosomes=assembly workers
made in the nucleolus ribs=meat=protein small particles made of RNA/proteins found throughout cytoplasm makes proteins
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)= production line
internal membrane system
where lipids of the membrane are assembled
transports and finishes proteins and other biological molecules
rough ER
makes proteins
smooth ER
synthesis of lipids (hormones)
detoxification of drugs
golgi apparatus=shipping department
structure: looks like a stack of pancakes w/ bubbles on ends
function: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or to be secreted from the cell
lysosomes=custodians
the cellular clean up crew
structure: small bags filled with enzymes
function: digestion of food to small molecules, breaking down organelles that are no longer working, and recycles nutrients
clean the cell
vacuole=warehouse for storage of products
storage(cellular tumperware)
function: stores food, waste, excess water
stores products
contractible vacuole
filled with water to support the plant
cilia/ flagella
hairlike projections that aid movement
mitochondria= power generators
a power plant
function: converts chemical energy from food into chemicals that are easier for the cell to use (ATP)
structure: outer membrane, mitochondrial matrix, inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae
(converts energy into ATP)
chloroplast
is a plastid in plant cells that store things for the plant
leucoplast- storeds starch
chromoplasts-store pigment
chloroplast- store the pigment called chlorophyll
-captures the sunlight energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis
structure: stroma, grana, thylakoid and thylakoid space, inner membrean, outer membrane
sytoskeleton
function: supports the cell, movement of the cell, important in cell division
structure: made of microtubules and microfilaments
spindel fibers
pull chromosomes apart and makeup cilia and flagella that enables cells to swim
microtubules
serves as pathways along which organelles can move
-hollow in the inside
centrioles
are made of microtubules
-not in plants; only animal cells
free floating DNA
DNA not contained in the nucleus
internal structures are suspended in what substance?
cytoplasm
one of the bacteria has a tail-like structure
flagellum-to help bacteria move; helps movement
cytoplasm=factory interior
space for work to be done
