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Biology > All the Organelles > Flashcards

All the Organelles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

elle =

A

small organs

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2
Q

nucleus=control room

A

control center of the cell
contains almost all of the cells DNA
surrounded by a nuclear envelope=2 layers or lipid bilayer just like the cell membrane
also has pores that allow transport in and out of nucleus
chromatin=DNA+protein
dense dark area=nucleolus

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3
Q

DNA/chromosome= factory manager

A

instructions for the manufacture of proteins

information for making proteins

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4
Q

chromosome=

A

chromatin twisted up

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5
Q

nucelolus

A 
=dense, dark area in nucleus
function is to make ribosomes
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6
Q

ribosomes=assembly workers

A 
made in the nucleolus 
ribs=meat=protein
small particles made of RNA/proteins
found throughout cytoplasm
makes proteins
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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)= production line

A

internal membrane system
where lipids of the membrane are assembled

transports and finishes proteins and other biological molecules

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8
Q

rough ER

A

makes proteins

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9
Q

smooth ER

A

synthesis of lipids (hormones)

detoxification of drugs

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10
Q

golgi apparatus=shipping department

A

structure: looks like a stack of pancakes w/ bubbles on ends
function: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or to be secreted from the cell

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11
Q

lysosomes=custodians

A

the cellular clean up crew
structure: small bags filled with enzymes
function: digestion of food to small molecules, breaking down organelles that are no longer working, and recycles nutrients
clean the cell

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12
Q

vacuole=warehouse for storage of products

A

storage(cellular tumperware)
function: stores food, waste, excess water
stores products

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13
Q

contractible vacuole

A

filled with water to support the plant

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14
Q

cilia/ flagella

A

hairlike projections that aid movement

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15
Q

mitochondria= power generators

A

a power plant
function: converts chemical energy from food into chemicals that are easier for the cell to use (ATP)
structure: outer membrane, mitochondrial matrix, inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae
(converts energy into ATP)

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16
Q

chloroplast

A

is a plastid in plant cells that store things for the plant
leucoplast- storeds starch
chromoplasts-store pigment
chloroplast- store the pigment called chlorophyll
-captures the sunlight energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis
structure: stroma, grana, thylakoid and thylakoid space, inner membrean, outer membrane

17
Q

sytoskeleton

A

function: supports the cell, movement of the cell, important in cell division
structure: made of microtubules and microfilaments

18
Q

spindel fibers

A

pull chromosomes apart and makeup cilia and flagella that enables cells to swim

19
Q

microtubules

A

serves as pathways along which organelles can move

-hollow in the inside

20
Q

centrioles

A

are made of microtubules

-not in plants; only animal cells

21
Q

free floating DNA

A

DNA not contained in the nucleus

22
Q

internal structures are suspended in what substance?

A

cytoplasm

23
Q

one of the bacteria has a tail-like structure

A

flagellum-to help bacteria move; helps movement

24
Q

cytoplasm=factory interior

A

space for work to be done

25
Q

vesicles=items to be shipped

A

cellular package containing products such as protein

26
Q

ports/gated channels=loading dock

A

points of entry and exit for materials

27
Q

cell membrane=security fence

A

controls who goes in and out of the cell

28
Q

cell

A

is the basic unit and building block of all living things

29
Q

what substance is analogous to a factory manager?

A

DNA/chromosomes

30
Q

in what organelle would this substance be found?

A

nucleus

31
Q

which organelle controls the activities of the entire cell

A

nucleus

32
Q

which organelle generates energy to power cellular activities

A

mitochondria

33
Q

which organelle is responsible for assembling proteins

A

ribosomes

34
Q

which organelle would proteins go next?

A

ER

35
Q

into what organelle might the cellular products be placed?

A

golgi apparatus

36
Q

where things go…

A

DNA—–> nucleus——>ribosomes—–>ER(smooth/rough)—–>golgi apparatus—–>vesicles—–>pores

37
Q

vacuole

A

fluid-filled organelle stores water,enzymes,and waste products
size of organelle can change

38
Q

cell wall

A

supports and protects the cell

39
Q

plastid

A

some store food or pigments; some convert light energy to chemical energy in the form of organic compounds

Biology (22 decks)

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