FINAL 1st Semester (definitions) Flashcards
Enlightenment
Science and reason, colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy
Declaration of Independence
Enlightenment, natural rights
Constitution
Creates a strong national government, supported by Federalists
Anti-federalists
Feared the constitution was a threat to states’ rights
The great compromise
US congress is divided by one house based on population and the other based on equal representation
Bill of Rights
Federalists promised to add, to protect the rights of citizens
Establishment Clause
Prohibits the government from establishing an official state religion
Federal System
Power is divided between state and national governments
Checks and Balances
The constitution limits the power of the federal government by each branch having power over the other
Judicial Review
Under the leadership of John Marshall the Supreme Court established the power to determine the constitutionality of laws
Industrialization
northern industries grew from demands of the civil war
Monopoly
company has control over an industry by eliminating competitors
Trusts
reduces competition in the late 180’s
Sherman Antitrust:
outlawed trusts that interfered with free trade
Vertical Integration
Carnegie Steel bought out producers and distributors
Horizontal Integration
Rockefeller monopolized the oil industry by controlling 90% of the oil refineries
Nativism
mistreat Catholics and other immigrants
Americanization
goal of assimilating people of various cultures into the dominant (american) culture
Political Machines
controlled the activities of political parties by gaining support from urban immigrants by providing essential services
Tammany Hall
New York City Political Machine
Progressives
protecting social welfare, economic reform, eliminate corruption, and making government more responsive to the people
Settlement houses
founded by social reformers to help the urban poor
Muckrackers
journalists willing to expose corruption in U.S. society
The Jungle
published book that influenced the passage of the Meat Inspection Act
Interstate Commerce Commission
power to regulate RxR rates
Women’s suffrage
Elizabeth Stanton & Susan B. Anthony promoted women’s voting rights
Tariffs
tax on imports to facilitate the growth of domestic industries
16th Amendment
created income tax to replace revenue lost by lowering tariffs
