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1
Q

information systems

A

set of interrelated components, that collect, process, store and distrubute information - supports decison making

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2
Q

information technology

A

the hardware and software a business uses to achieve objectives

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3
Q

data

A

stream of raw facts

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4
Q

why are information systems essential

A

for….
1. operational excellence
2. new products and services
3. customer and supplier intimacy
4. improved descicon making
5. comeptive advantage
6. survival

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5
Q

information

A

data shaped into a meaningful form

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6
Q

organizational assets

A

support organizational culture that values efficiency and effectiveness

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7
Q

managerial assets

A

strong senior management support for technology investments and changes

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8
Q

social assets

A

the internet and telecommunications infrastructure, IT enriches educational programs

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9
Q

complimentary assets

A

assets required to derive value from a primary investment

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10
Q

how does information systems improve the business process

A

it increases efficiency of existing processes by automating manual steps it enables new process by change the flow of information eliminating delays and supporting new business models

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11
Q

4 types of information systems

A
  1. systems for management
  2. enterprise systems
  3. e-business, e-commerce and e-government
  4. collaboration
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12
Q

systems of management

A
  • transaction processing system (TPS)

business intelligent systems

  • mangement information system (MIS)
  • Decision support systems (DSS)
  • executive support systems (ESS)
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13
Q

enterprise information systems

A
  • enterprise resource planning (ERP)
  • supply chain management (SCM)
  • customer relationship management (CRM)
  • Knowledge management systems (KMS)
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14
Q

e-government

A

using the internet to deliver information to citizens, employees and business

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15
Q

IT governance

A

strategies and procedures in a business for using IT in an organization (decision rights, accountability)

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16
Q

computer timeline

A

general purpose mainframe and mini computer era - 1959
personal computer era- 1981
client/server computer era- 1983
enterprise computing era - 1992
cloud and mobile computing era - 2000

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17
Q

Law of mass digital storage

A

states the amount of data being stored doubles each year

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18
Q

Metcalfe’s law of network economics

A

states the value or power of a network is = to the number of people who join

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19
Q

infrastructure

A

a basic system or service that a country or organization uses in order to work

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20
Q

7 ecosystems of IT infrastructure

A

Internet platforms,
computer hardware platforms,
operating systems platforms,
enterprise software applications,
networkimg/ telecommunications,
consultant and system integrators,
data management and storage

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21
Q

supply chain management (SCM)

A

mangers the relationship between suppliers, automates flows of information across organizational boundaries, goal is to get the right amount of products ti destinations with least amount of time & money

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22
Q

supply chain

A

network of organizations and process for receiving materials, transforming materials into products, distributing the products.

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23
Q

just-in-time strategy

A

components arrive when needed, finished products leave when completed

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24
Q

safety stock

A

buffer for lack of flexibility in supply chain

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25
bullwhip effect
information of products that gets messed up when going through supply chain
26
supply chain planning systems
- model the existing supply chain, allows planning to keep up with demand, establishes inventory levels
27
supply chain execution systems
manges flow of products through distribution centres
28
intellectual property
Tangible and intangible products of the mind created by an individual or corporations
29
4 ways of protecting intellectual property
1. copy right 2. patents 3. trademarks 4. trade secrets
30
candidates ethical principles
golden rule, immnual Kant, slipper slope, utilitarian principles, rich aversion, ethical "no free lunch"
31
4 basic concepts
responsibility, accountability liability, due process
32
network based strategies
Take advantage of firms abilities to network with one another, they include network economies, virtual company models, business ecosystems
33
synergies
when outputs of some organzations are used as inputs to others, when to companies merge, creating a new business related to what you currently do
34
4 information systems comeptive focuses
1. Low-cost leadership 2. Product differentiation 3. Focus on market niche 4. Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy
35
porters competitive force model - traditional competitors
all firms share a market space with competiors who are continously devising new products or services, effeciencs and switching costs
36
machine learning
focuses on recignizing patterns in very large data sets
37
supervised learning
systems trained by providing examples of desired inputs and outputs identified by humans, used to develop autonomous vehicles
38
unsupervised learning
same procedure are used with superized learning, but humans do not help
39
data mining
finds hidden patterns, relationships in data sets, infers rules to predict future behaviour
40
associations
occurrences linked to a single event
41
sequences
events linked overtime
42
classifications
recignizes patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs by examining existing items that have been classified and by interfering a set of rules
43
clustering
works in a manner similar to classification when no groups have yet been defined
44
pushed based model (build to stock)
manufacture pushes the supplier, and down the supply chain through distributor, retailer, customers
45
pull-based model (demand driven)
web based, customer orders trigger events in supply chain, customer pushes the supply chain
46
sales force automation (SFA)
sale prospects and contact information, sales quote generation capabilities
47
customer service
assigning and manging customer service requests, web based self service capabilities
48
operational CRM
customer-facing applications, sales force automation call center and customer service support, marketing automation
49
analytical CRM
based on data warehouses populated by operational CRM systems and customer touch points, analyzes customer data
50
file
group of records of same type
51
record
group of related fields
52
field
group of charters as word(s) or number(s)
53
entity
person,place,thing on which we store information
54
55
attribute
each charteistic or quality, describing entity
56
databases
servers many applications by centeralizing data and controlling redundant data
57
database management systems (DBMS)
Interfaces between applications and physical data files, separate logical and physical views of data and solves problems of traditional file environment (controls redundancy, elimanites incostiensy, and ungroups programs and data)
58
relational DBMS
represents data as two-dimensional tables, each table contains data on entity and attributes
59
table
grid of columns and rows
60
rows
records for different entities
61
columns
represent attributes, contain list of fields for the records
62
key filed
field uses to uniquely identify each record
63
primary keys
field in table used for key fields
64
foreign keys
primary key used un second table as look-up field to identify record for original
65
non-relational databases NoSQL
More flexible data model, data sets stored across distributed machines, easier to scale.
66
blockchain
Distributed ledgers in peer-to-peer distributed database, cannot be changed, maintains a growing list of records and transactions shared by all
67
3 knowledge management systems
1. enterprise wide knowledge management systems 2. knowledge work systems 3. intelligent techniques
68
enterprise wide knowledge management systems
general purpose, integrates, firmware efforts to collect, store and use digital content and knowledge
69
knowledge work systems
specialized work stations and systems tat enable scientists and engineers to create and discover
70
intelligent techniques
tools for discovering patterns and applying knowledge
71
4 types of AI
1. machine learning - neural networks and deep learning networks, natural processing system, genetic algorithms 2. expert systems 3. computer vision 4. robotics
72
knowledge management
set of business processes developed in an organation to create, store, transfer and apply knowledge
73
knowledge dimensions
data information, knowledge and wisdom, tacit vs explicit knowledge
74
organizational learning
process in which organzations gain experience through collections of data measurement trail and eroor and feedback
75
current trends in software
Open-source software, software for the web (java, HTML and HTML5), web services and service-oreintated architecture, software outsourcing and cloud services, mashups, apps
76
software as a service (SaaS)
Software hosted by te vendor subscription service (google g suite)
77
Platform as a service (PasS)
Infrastructure and programming tools to develop applications
78
infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Processing storage networking an dother computing, run their information systems
79
data governance
encompasses policies and procedurece through which data can be manged as an organzational resource
80
business value
encompasses policies and procedurece through which data can be manged as an organzational resource
81
unstructured decision
decision maker must provide judgment,evalution and inisght to solve problem
82
structured decision
repetitive and routine, involve definite procedure for handling so they do not have to be treated each time as new
83
semi-structred
repetitive and routine, involve definite procedure for handling so they do not have to be treated each time as new
84
4 steps in the decision making process
1. intelligence 2. design 3. choice 4. implementation
85
intellegience
Discovering,identifying and understanding the problems occurring in the organzation
86
design
Identifying and exploring solutions to the problems
87
choice
Choosing among solutions alternatives
88
implementation
Making chosen alternative work and continuing to monitor how well a solution is working
89
business intellegince
infrastructure for collecting, storing analyzing data produced by a business, databases, data warehouse, datamarts, hadoop, analytic platforms
90
business analytics
tools and techniques for anlyzing data, OLAP, statistics, model, data mining
91

information systems study (6 decks)

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