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PSY of Women > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are prescriptive norms?

A

Norms saying what we should be/do.

Ex: Women should be nurturing

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2
Q

What are prospective norms?

A

Norms saying what we should not be/do

Ex: Women are not meant to work in STEM fields

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3
Q

What is agentic?

A

Competence traits like independence, strong, and self confident and typically associated with men

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4
Q

What is communal?

A

Warmth traits like emotional, helpfulness and kindness typically associated with women

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5
Q

What is essentialism?

A

Gender is a basic, unchangeable characteristic that stems from biological differences and resides in the individual

(sex and gender are linked and can’t be changed)

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6
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Treating people differently than others based primarily on membership in a group

Actions

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7
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Attitude directed towards people because they are members of a group based on emotions

Attitudes

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8
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

Beliefs and opinions about characteristics, attributes, and behaviors of members of a group

Beliefs

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9
Q

What are the stages of gender development?

A
  1. Gender identity
  2. Gender stability
  3. Gender consistency
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10
Q

What is gender identity?

A

Children label and identify their gender and the gender of others

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11
Q

What is gender stability?

A

Understanding that gender is stable over time

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12
Q

What is gender consistency?

A

Understanding that gender remains consistent despite superficial changes in gender

(If I cut my hair short I am still a girl)

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13
Q

What is cisgender?

A

When your identity matches the gender assigned at birth

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14
Q

What is transgender?

A

When your identity differs from the gender assigned at birth

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15
Q

What is gender typing?

A

How children go through the stages of gender development and learn their identities

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16
Q

What are the stages of sex differentiation?

A
  1. Chromosomal differentiation
  2. Gonad development
  3. Hormone development
  4. Internal reproductive tract
  5. External genitalia
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17
Q

What is chromosomal differentiation?

A

46 in each cell of body; chromosomes start to specialize

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18
Q

What is gonad development?

A

Sex gland and two internal ducts develop as well as endocrine glands that release sex hormones

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19
Q

What is hormone development

A

Gonads secrete sex hormones that influence sexual and aggressive behavior

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20
Q

What is the internal reproductive tract for female and male?

A

Women: Fallopian tube, uterus, vagina
Man: Vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle, urethra, and prostate

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21
Q

When does the external genitalia develop?

A

In the 8th to 12th week

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22
Q

What is liberal feminism?

A

Wants to make change socially and politcally; sees us all the same

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23
Q

What is cultural feminism?

A

Focuses on gender differences that favor women; we are not all the same but actually women are better

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24
Q

What is radical feminism?

A

Oppression of women is pervasive at all levels and massive social change is necessary

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25
Q

What is women of color feminism?

A

Focuses on intersectionality between gender and other categories; change is needed from multiple perspectives

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26
Q

What is blatant discrimination?

A

Unequal and harmful treatment that is intentional and visible

27
Q

What is subtle discrimination?

A

Less visible and obvious discrimination

28
Q

What is covert discrimination?

A

Hidden and purposeful discrimination

29
Q

What are microaggressions?

A

Small scall everyday behaviors that demean social groups

30
Q

What is stereotype threat?

A

Psychological mechanism that can activate things like self doubt, physiological arousal, stress arousal, and other thing that can interfere with attention and working memory

31
Q

What is stereotype lift?

A

The group not being stereotypes against does better

32
Q

What is rumination?

A

Thinking repetitively about mood and involves reflection and brooding

33
Q

What is co-rumination?

A

Two people rumination together?

Women tend to do this

34
Q

What is unmitigated communion?

A

Focusing on others and excluding oneself

A female gender role and a key reason to have depression

35
Q

What is postpartum depression?

A

Persistent sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest and pleasure in previously enjoyed activities after having a baby

36
Q

What is postpartum anxiety?

A

Excessive worry, restlessness, and intrusive thoughts about baby’s safety

37
Q

What is postpartum psychosis?

A

Rare and severe disorder with hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking

38
Q

What is the visual dominance ratio?

A

The ratio of percentage of time looking into someone’s eyes while speaking vs looking into someone’s eyes while listening

Men have higher expect for times when women have power

39
Q

What is social distance?

A

A scale regarding how closely connected you are to people (husband, brother, neighbor…)

40
Q

What are the two alterations at the chromosomal level of sex differentiation?

A

Klinefelters and Turners

41
Q

What is Klinefelters syndrome?

A

2 or more x and one y chromosome

Boys develop more feminised body in puberty and may be infertile

42
Q

What is Turners Syndrome?

A

Single x chromosome that gives women no functioning ovaries and no estrogen

43
Q

What are the two alterations at the hormone production level of sex differentiation?

A

Androgen sensitivity
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

44
Q

What is androgen sensitivity?

A

Body doesn’t respond normal to androgens

45
Q

What is Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

Genetic female festus exposed to high levels of androgen prenatally resulting in intersex genitals

46
Q

What is channeling?

A

Parents create a gendered world for their child through toys purchased, activities chosen, decoration of bedroom

47
Q

What is modeling?

A

Demonstrating gendered behavior for children

48
Q

What are the temperament differences by infant gender

A

Boys have slightly higher physical activity than girls

Girls have slightly better inhibitory control, attention focus, and perceptual sensitivity than boys

No gender differences in sociability, shyness, soothability, adaptability, emotional intensity and ease of care

49
Q

What is the hypothalamus for?

A

Where gedner differences exist in brain because it regulates sex hormone production; signals to pituitary gland which leads menstrual cycle

50
Q

What is the hippocampus for?

A

Spatial orientation and memory

51
Q

What is the frontal lobe for?

A

Concentrating, language structure, motor cortex

52
Q

What is the amygdala for?

A

Emotion processing

53
Q

What is the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN)?

A

Small section of the hypothalamus that tends to be larger in men

54
Q

What are the conditions that activate stereotype threat?

A
  • when skills are being evaulated
  • when there is competition
  • when you are the only woman in the room
  • when you write your name and gender on a test
55
Q

What are some stereotype threat invention models?

A
  • providing role models
  • emphasizing effort over innate ability
  • reducing cues that trigger the stereotype
56
Q

Are men or women higher in general intelligence?

A

No IQ difference

57
Q

Are men or women higher in verbal ability?

A

Women

58
Q

Are men or women higher in spatial ability?

A

Men

59
Q

Are men or women higher in memory of facial recognition?

A

Women

60
Q

Are men or women higher in reading ability?

A

Girls better than boys

61
Q

Are men or women higher in math ability?

A

Girls slightly underpreform boys and then the differences get better with age

62
Q

Are men or women higher in multiple choice format test?

A

Men

63
Q

Are men or women higher in short and long answer questions?

A

Women

64
Q
A

PSY of Women (4 decks)

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