Final Flashcards
What is the difference between automatic and controlled thoughts according to beck
Automatic:
-Involuntary and unintentional
-Often occur at pre couscous
-level and are difficult to stop or
-similar to self - monogus that can either support berate us
(fail a test.. auto thought: “im so stupid”
Controlled:
-are voluntary intentional consipud able to regulate eg fail a test
-consciously thinking about what contributed to your mark: “I didn’t study enough , the test was harder than i thought”
How do schemas/core beliefs develop
-develop from early life from personal experiences
-cognitive structures that consist
of a individual’s fundamental core beliefs and assumptions about how the world operates
Psychoanalytic
An approach to the study of personality which believes that human behavior results from an interaction of conscious and unconscious processes in the mind. behavior determined by irrational forces and biological drives
Sigmund freud
Cognitive distortions -what are they and ex
systematic errors in reasoning, appears during psychological distress, stressful events can trigger a unrealistic schema(cognitive distortion)
CD examples–
Arbitrary inference: conclusion about evidence
Selective Abstraction: Focus on one a aspect and ignores everything else
Overgeneralization: makes sweeping generalizations
Magnification & minimization: too significant or not significant enough
Personalization: assuming its all its all about you
Dichotomous thinking: thinking about extremes
Neo Psychoanalytic
An approach to the study of personality that expands on the original psychoanalytic approach
acknowledges the importance of early childhood experiences however, gives addition to unconscious and biological factors
Horney
What is the difference between
positive reinforcement, omission and punishment?
Positive Reinform is when a pleasant stimulus(treat /phone) is given to you (stimulus present)
Omission extension: is when pleasant stimulus is removed (absent stimulus) from you
Punishment: is when unpleasant stimulus (homework) is given to you(stimulus present)
negative reinforcement: is when unpleasant stimulus (homework) is removed form you (stimulus absent)
Skinners reinforcement theory
Reinforcement- strengthening a response/ increasing the probability of a response
extinction- process of eliminating response or decreasing the probability of a behaviour
operant behavior- controlling/ shaping voluntary behavior
operant conditioning- controlling someone
positive v negative- positive=what’s been added
negative=what’s been removed
stimulus- something in the environment that causes a reaction
the 4 schedules of reinforcement
fixed interval- reinforcer following a fixed amount of time after response
variable interval- reinforcer after unpredictable amount of time.
Fixed ratio- reinforced following a fixed number of responses
Variable ratio- after unpreditib;e number of responses
How has operant condition been used to modify behaviour
-its successful with children and adults with mentally healthy and mentally unwell , with individuals as well as a groups behavior
-therapy that applies principal of reinforcement
-exp token economy (exchange for value objects or privileges)
skinner
Rogers assessment
mesauers:
Person centered therapy:
-client is assumed to be responsible for ones own change
-focus on subject experience
Encolnt groups:
-group therapy for learning about feeling and relating
-other developed tests of experiences
Actualization tendency
Basic human motivation
towards self maintenance and enhancement . progress involves difficult growth
Conditional positive regard
Approval and acceptance granted only when person exhibits desirable behaviors
unconditional positive regard
approval regardless of ones behaviour
Positive regard
-acceptance love and approval from others
-universal and presint need
Positive self regard
condition under which we grant ourselves acceptance and overall approval
