Final Flashcards
Prosody
- tone, rhythm, etc.
- anything in language that doesn’t have to do with the language itself but the way it’s spoken
- associated with right hemisphere
Posterior language area
At junction of temporal, occipital and parietal lobe
- thought to be central unit that puts together concepts and their language representation
- word comprehension
Wernicke’s area
- in left temporal lobe
- spoken word recognition
Broca’s area
- in left inferior frontal lobe
- associated with motor tasks of language production
Transcortical sensory aphasia
- failure to comprehend meaning of words
- word perception and fluency might be okay but with limited comprehension of what is heard or said
- repeat after ppl
conduction aphasia
- inability to repeat words
- rest of speech and comprehension generally fine
- damage to arcuate fasciculusa
Arcuate fasciculus
- interconnect Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas
- damaged and ppl can look up word in association cortex but can’t say it back (conduction aphasia)
Pure word deafness
- impaired auditory word recognition
- damage to Wernicke’s area
- can hear, interpret non-speech sound, read and write
Wernicke’s aphasia
- aka fluid or receptive aphasia
- combination of pure word deafness and transcortical sensory aphasia
- poor language comprehension, fluid speech with prosody but meaningless
- damage to wernicke’s and posterior language area
Pure alexia
- inability to read or recognize written words but can write
- damage to visual word-form area
Visual word-form area
- in left hemi of fusiform gyrus (opposite to FFA)
Surface dyslexia
- inability to recognize whole words but can read phonetically
phonological dyslexia
- inability to read unfamiliar or non-words, loss of phonetic reading
Broca’s aphasia
- inability to produce speech
- articulation problems
- agrammatism: difficulty using grammar
- anomia: difficulty finding appropriate word
Volitional face paresis
- can express emotions but can’t control muscles to fake them
Emotional face paresis
- can fake emotions but can’t express them naturally
- often seen in ppl w PD
streams of thought vs streams of feeling
cerebral cortex vs limbic system
In what theory of emotion are physiological rxns caused by emotions?
- common-sense view
- dif to study bc damaging brain areas of animals might stop physiological responses but can’t tell whether emotion still present
What theory of emotion involves feedback from PNS responses that gets to the brain to elicit emotions
James-Lange theory
What might a person with an amygdalectomy experience?
Patient S.P.:
- inability to feel fear or identify in other ppl’s faces
- can fake it
Patient S.M.:
- unusual eye movement: didn’t naturally look at other ppl’s eyes
- got better at recognizing emotions after taught to look at eyes
What might you expect of a patient’s brain with a damaged V1 to look like if shown fearful face?
- amygdala will show activity
- person might not be conscious of stimuli but will still mimic fearful face
Suffocation gets fear response even when amygdala is damaged. Why is that?
- regulated by medulla oblongata
Role of vmPFC in emotions
- seems to regulate (down-regulate, inhibitory influence) emotions
- myelination in this area finishes at around 20
- damage to this area causes childish behavior
Atherosclerosis
- buildup of fat and cholesterol obstructing artery
- one of the reasons for strokes
Ischemic stroke
- thrombus: blood clot formed within blood vessel
- embolus: part of tissue dislodged from site of original and occludes artery
Hemorrhagic stroke
- rupture of cerebral blood vessel letting blood out
Malignant vs non-malignant tumor
- malignant has no distinct border so it may invade neighboring tissues and metastasize
- non-malignant encapsulated in clear distinct border so cannot metastasize but may still grow and compress surrounding organs
Causes of seizures
- an imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory neurons
