final

Question 1

two-party system

Answer 1

where the 2 leading parties win vast majority of votes (US)
- competitive because 1 party does not govern for very long

Question 2

consolidation of a two-party system

Answer 2

political system evolves to be dominated by two major political parties, marginalizing or eliminating smaller parties

Question 3

political philosophy

Answer 3

asking what should be. classic and critical

nature of government and the relationship between people and society

Question 4

comparative politics

Answer 4

traditional way. health care is common. compare across time to come up with arguments that hold true in some way or another. take objective and apply to big pic and vice versa

Question 5

international relations

Answer 5

began after WW2. Interest in country to country relations. things that go on at global level

Question 6

federalism

Answer 6

the constitutional division of sovereign authority within the state

share authority between different entities and to create orders of government

Question 7

sovereignty over domestic policy

Answer 7

the authority within a state that has control over the state’s domestic affairs

Question 8

single-member plurality election system

Answer 8

system crowns candidate with the most voted as the only winner

Question 9

parliamentary system of government

Answer 9

• a bicameral or unicameral legislature is the “soverign” law-making institution
• head of gov is PM
• PM leads largest part in lower house and chooses cab ministers from it
• has a head of state. (Governer General in Canada) right to dissolve and prorogue Parliament

Question 10

multilevelgovernance

Answer 10

having more than one governance

political organization where decision-making authority is distributed across multiple levels of government, including local, regional, national, and supranational institutions. This framework recognizes that governance responsibilities and powers are not confined to a single level but are shared or coordinated among various tiers.

Question 11

regional governments

Answer 11

groups municipalities together for a larger geographical area. Regional governments are responsible for providing services that are more efficient to provide over a larger area, and they often have the power to raise taxes and appoint their own officers

Question 12

devolution

Answer 12

common feature of developed unitary states

central gov grants some legislative (law-making) powers and administrative responsibilities to one or more regional bodies

Question 13

exclusive and shared federalism

Answer 13

exclusive:
powers and responsibilities are clearly divided between the federal and subnational governments (e.g., states, provinces, or regions), with little overlap. Each level of government operates independently within its designated sphere.

shared:
where powers and responsibilities are jointly exercised by the federal and subnational governments. This approach emphasizes collaboration and cooperation across levels of government.

Question 14

regional elections

Answer 14

select representatives for regional levels of government, such as provinces, states, cantons, or other subnational jurisdictions

Question 15

unitarism

Answer 15

concentrates power in the central government

Question 16

equalization

Answer 16

governments reduce fiscal disparities between regions, ensuring that all jurisdictions, regardless of their economic capacity, can provide a comparable level of public services to their residents.

Question 17

fiscal capacity

Answer 17

government’s ability to raise revenue to fund public services and other functions

Question 18

executive federalism

Answer 18

processes of intergovernmental negotiation that are dominated by the executives of the different governments within the federal system

Question 19

skip

Question 20

collective action

Answer 20

essential complement to voting

form of organized social or political act carried about by a group of people in order to address their needs.

Question 21

interest groups

Answer 21

advocates in favour of the material interests of its members

They are issue orientated and have target audience that they are tyring to advocate for

NRA is one but CTF is not technically one

Question 22

social movements

Answer 22

seek major social and political change, particularly by collective action outside of established political institutions

Question 23

political parties

Answer 23

the link between the people and decision-making power in liberal democracies

play dominant role in elections by recruiting candidates, running election campaigns and presenting policy platforms to the public

Question 24

cadre party

Answer 24

loosely organized party usually established by members of a legislative body with the support of local notables.

concerned with electing members of the party to legislative bodies, rather than building a strong, centralized, membership-based organization outside of legislature

Question 25

mass parties

Answer 25

draws support from a regular dues paying membership and features of a strong party organization outside of the legislature

Question 26

conventions

Answer 26

allow various parts of the party to participate in the election of the leader

Question 27

contemporary parties factors

Answer 27

• brokerage
• electoral-professional
• programmatic

Question 28

brokerage

Answer 28

parties that bring together a carefully sifted and edited selection of ideas to appeal to a broad ideological (and geographically diverse) electorate)

Question 29

electoral-professional

Answer 29

parties that place winning elections above ideological purity and use technology and modern organizational practices to that end

Question 30

programmatic

Answer 30

parties that devote greater attention to the coherence of their platfrom and view themselves as more principled

Question 31

parties and ideology groups

Answer 31

parties:
- conservative and republican
- liberal and democratic
- new democratic (CAN) and labour (UK)

Ideologies:
- “new” right
- reform liberalism
- democratic socialist

Question 32

party systems

Answer 32

stable interrelationships between parties in various electoral arenas

Question 33

one-party dominant

Answer 33

single party rules for long periods of time and the opposition parties aren’t likely to gain support needed to successfully challenge the dominant party for control of the government

Question 34

two-party plus

Answer 34

2 leading parties usually win at least 75-80% of seats. but 1 or more of the smaller parties has sufficient support to prevent either of the leading parties from gaining a majority (canada)

Question 35

moderate multiparty

Answer 35

3-5 sig parties, with the 2 leading parties usually having less that 4/5ths of the seats

Question 36

polarized multiparty

Question 37

selectorate

Question 38

what purposes do parties serve

Answer 38

• representation & consultation
• interest aggregation
• socialization & mobilization
• recruitment and training
• organization of government

each regime type determines the importance and nature of each function