Final Flashcards
alpha alcoholism
represents a psychological dependence on alcohol
beta alcoholism
you aren’t dependent on alcohol but you have medical problems caused by it
gamma alcoholism
distinguished by cellular changes, an increase in tolerance, and withdrawal when alcohol isn’t consumed. There is a physical and psychological dependence
delta alcoholism
both a physical and psychological dependence.
epsilon alcoholism
the binge drinker
the 10 most common addictions
alcohol, drugs, food, gambling, internet, sex, shopping, smoking, video games, work
1st step of AA
We admitted we were powerless over alcohol and that our lives had become unmanageable
2nd step of AA
Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity
7th step of AA
Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings
6th step of AA
Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character
4th step of AA
Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves
10th step of AA
Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it
extra credit: fermentation chemical formula
Chemically, C6H12O6 (glucose) is transformed into C2H5OH (ethyl alcohol) + CO2 (carbon dioxide).
What is the maximum percentage of alcohol obtainable through fermentation alone? What would that be in “proof”?
15% which is 30 proof
Did Prohibition reduce alcohol abuse?
yes
In about what year did apparent consumption of alcohol reach its peak in the United States?
1981
About how much more likely are men than women to engage in frequent heavy drinking?
a little over half
About how many standard drinks can the typical human metabolize each hour?
one 1/2 ounce of one standard drink
For your own gender and weight, about how many standard drinks are required for you to reach the legal BAC limit for driving under the influence?
2 1/2 - 3 standard drinks
Alcohol enhances the action of which neurotransmitter at its receptors?
GABA
What is the typical behavior of a person with a BAC of 0.20 percent?
depression in sensory and motor capability and intoxication
Describe the four groups in the balanced placebo design.
Half the study participants got mixed drinks with alcohol, the other half got similar-tasting drinks without alcohol. Each of those groups is divided in half, with some being told they are getting alcohol and others being told they are testing a nonalcohol drink. By analyzing the behavioral effects seen in the four conditions, it is possible to determine which effects are actually produced by alcohol and which by the belief that one has consumed alcohol (alcohol expectancy effects)
What term is used to describe the fact that drinkers tend to focus on the “here and now”?
time out
About what proportion of U.S. traffic fatalities are considered to be alcohol related?
probably higher than 30%
What is the role of expectancy in males’ increased interest in sex after drinking?
men are less able to preform after drinking
If alcohol did not actually increase violent tendencies, how might we explain the statistical correlation between alcohol and such things as assault and homicide?
emotions before one begins drinking influences their decisions and it’s increased by alcohol. It can also be unclear
Why is it dangerous to drink alcohol to “stay warm” in the winter?
alcohol increases heat loss from the body
If someone you know has drunk enough alcohol to pass out, what are two things you can do to prevent a lethal outcome?
-place them on their side to prevent chocking on vomit
-don’t move them
-call 911
-monitor their breathing
Can brain damage be reversed if someone has been drinking heavily for many years?
no
About what percentage of the heaviest-drinking women will have children diagnosed with FAS?
5%
What is the most dangerous withdrawal symptom from alcohol?
seizures
Did the early founders of AA view alcohol dependence as a disease?
yes
If one identical twin is diagnosed with alcohol dependence, what is the likelihood that the other twin will also receive this diagnosis?
50%
