Final Flashcards
Strengths Perspective
is a philosophical approach to social work positing
that the goals, strengths, and resources of people and their environment, rather
than their problems and pathologies should be the central focus of the helping
process
Social Programs
specific set of activities that are designed to solve social problems. For example, public social policies that create childhood nutrition programs make it possible for children to be adequately fed.
Social Problems
are concerns about the quality of life for large groups of people that are either held as a broad consensus among a populations or are voiced by social economic elites
Self-determination
Refers to people’s control over their own destiny.
Institutional Approach
Asserts that the government should assure basic food, healthcare, income, employment, and educations as a right of citizenship in advanced economies.
preventive
Residual Approach
relief provided only if only if the market place and family wasn’t able to fill a persons needs.
stop gap
small quantities
Monetary Policy
Milton Friedman
believed that supply side economics could actually damage the economy so instead the government should focus on promoting steady growth in the nation’s money supply, that is the total amount of money that is circulating through the economy.
Fiscal Policy
Keynes
government should stabilize the economy by increasing or decreasing taxes in response to economic conditions. When individuals or private business do not consume or invest enough then the government should intervene.
Mandatory Spending
Government spending that is directed towards groups or individuals that are legally entitled to it, as well as interest on our national debt.
Discretionary Spending
Discretionary spending is a spending category through which governments can spend through an appropriations bill. This spending is optional as part of fiscal policy, in contrast to entitlement programs for which funding is mandatory
Entitlement Programs
all citizens who meet the eligibility requirements legally qualify. (Social Security, Medicare)
Progressive Tax
require those with higher incomes to pay higher rates of taxes. (income taxes)
Regressive Tax
require those with lower incomes to pay higher rates or proportions of their incomes. (sales tax)
General Tax Revenue
Is not dedicated automatically for functions such as road maintenance but can be used for general purposes.
Tax expenditures
tax deductions that the government extends to certain groups in order to assist them in obtaining services such as housing, health care, and education.
Eligibility Rules
Stipulate who receives services. Some require that people can only receive benefits if they have made prior contributions.
Service Delivery System
How social services are accessed. Sometimes through private or public agencies.
English Poor Law 1601
Worthy vs Unworthy Poor
outdoor relief.
local responsibility, each locality was responsible for helping only its own residents.
almshouses were supported by private funds, and they were reserved for the “worthy poor,”
Indoor Relief
Aid provided in institutional settings such as work houses.
Outdoor Relief
outdoor relief-aid provided to them in
their homes or other non-institutional settings.
Jane Addams
Founded Hull House in 1889
focus on environment
NAACP
policy work / macro wok
Dorothea Dix
a leader in the mental health reform movement
19th century
Wanted the federal government to provide institutions for the mentally ill.
Mary Richmond
In 1917, Mary Richmond published Social Diagnosis
focus on the individual
professionalization
Settlement Houses
Hull House 1886
Houses places in poorer neighborhoods where reformers wanted to implement change
residence based aid
provided poor with social capital
Charity Organization Societies
Grounded in “Social Darwinism” believed that the poor caused their own poverty (bad genetics, bad morals)
“scientific charity,” which involved the use of systematic procedures to assess who was in need
“friendly visitors”
Social Security Act of 1935
entitlement vs assistance
funded through FICA
original act made provisions for old-age benefits; financial assistance to elderly,the blind,and dependent children
OASDI social insurance program for the “worthy” who paid in
Medicare Part A
Medicare hospital insurance that pays for inpatient hospital stays, care in a skilled nursing facility, hospice care, and some home health care.
Medicare Part B
Medicare coverage helps pay for physician services, medical supplies, and other outpatient services not paid for by Medicare Part A.
Medicare Part C
The part of Medicare that expands the list of different types of entities allowed to offer health plans to Medicare beneficiaries. Also known as Medicare+Choice
Medicare Part D
Medicare prescription drug benefit, is a federal program to subsidize the costs of prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries
Medicaid
Medicaid provides health care for certain categories of people with very low incomes as part of public assistance.
It is a means-tested program that is
financed jointly by federal and state dollars.
Block Grants
allow the state more discretion over how federal
monies will be spent. However, block grants typically are capped, so that if the need for services increases, the federal government will not automatically provide additional funding.
Worthy/Unworthy Poor
Worthy poor are those seen as deserving of assistance such as orphans and the elderly. The worthy poor tend to have better services and their services have less stigma.
Unworthy poor those seen as undeserving of aid such as single able bodied males.
Americans with Disability Act
1990 law that bans discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in such areas as employment and transportation
State Children’s Insurance Program
1997 authorizes states to offer health insurance to children,up to the age of 19, who are not already insured.
Signed under Clinton Administration
No Child Left Behind
Outcome based education
Testing
Policy well intended but with no funding it failed
Affordable Care Act
2010 U.S. joined the community of nations that ensure health care as a basic right
for most of their people, rather than a privilege for some.
In the health care reform legislation, risk is shifting
from individuals to the federal and state government
EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit)
enacted by congress in 1975 in order to decrease the impact of Medicare and Social Security taxes that are deducted from the wages earned by low-income families with children
provided a refundable tax credit to
families whose incomes fell below the federal poverty line
Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
Lilly Ledbetter sued Goodyear Tire after 20 years’ of service when she realized that, although she had the most experience, she was the lowest-paid supervisor
Signed by Obama allows individuals to bring about a lawsuit within 180 days of any issuance of a discriminatory paycheck
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
TANF is a state-level block grant that empowers
each state to determine when and under what circumstances it will provide cash assistance to families in poverty. States are no longer required to provide assistance to any individual or family.
Replaced AFDC in 1996 under the Clinton Administration
Civil Rights Act of 1964
banned unequal voter registration, racial discrimination
Equal employment for women and people of color.
Denied federal funds to schools that discriminate
Mathew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
Signed by Obama in 2009
This legislation extends federal hate crimes law to include crimes motivated by a victim’s gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.
Seen as a big win for LGBTQ advocates
Absolute Poverty
refers to the system where the government comes up with an income level threshold called a poverty line, which is used to determine who is in poverty. Typically used when creating social policy.
Relative Poverty
Is influenced highly by societal standards that determine a threshold of income that allows people to purchase what is considered an adequate standard of living.
a common measure for relative poverty is 50% of the average family income in a country or political subdivision.
Poverty line formula
based on the least costly economical food plan (temporarily nutrition adequate). Speculates people spend 1/3 of their budget on food.
OASD(H)I
Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Hospital Insurance
federally funded New Deal Program
TANF Eligibility
In WA state family must have resources of less than $1000 and car can not exceed $5000 in value
participate in workfirst program
and teenage mothers must be on an approved plan
SSI (Supplemental Security Income)
provides disability payments to those who don’t have a work history
funded through general tax revenues
eligibility based on age, blindness, disability, plus income/asset test
General Assistance
is provided to assist poor individuals and families who do not qualify or are waiting for approval for federal programs such as SSI and TANF. GA programs provide minimal assistance and are generally a last resort for people in need.
WIC
Must have at or below 185% of the poverty line.
Women qualify if they are pregnant. And for a year after the baby is born if javascript:toggle_readerfeatures(‘glossary’, ‘glossary-img’);she breastfeeds. If she doesn’t breastfeed its for 6 months.
Children are eligible for other benefits until WIC benefits until their 5th birthday
SNAP
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
130% of the poverty line or below
and less than $2,000 in assets
All public assistance recipients qualify for food stamps as are everyone who meets state or federal requirements
must be working
Child Maltreatment
harm caused by parents or primary care-givers and includes neglect, physical abuse, sexual and emotional abuse.
Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
was enacted to apply more emphasis on child safety and to increase the number of adoptions, thereby reducing the amount of time children spend in the foster care system
ADA and special education
ADA ( Americans with disabilities act) bans discrimination against those with disabilities
requires school to make accommodations for those with disabilities.
Schools had to create special education programs after the law.
Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978
requires that effort must be made to leave Native American children with their families and empowers tribes to oversee decision making regarding Native American children.
Deinstitutionalization
the process of moving mental health patients out of hospitals into the community.
Co-occurring Conditions
Formerly known as dual diagnosis or dual disorder, co-occurring disorders describe the presence of two or more disorders at the same time. For example, a person may suffer substance abuse as well as bipolar disorder.
Mental Health Parity
2008 required that treatment limitations and financial requirements for mental illness have to be equal to physical health care
Older American Act
a social policy designed to live in the community and avoid institutionalization
includes funding for group meals and transportation..
Pensions
a regular payment made during a person’s retirement from an investment fund to which that person or their employer has contributed during their working life
Solvency of Entitlements
Social insurance programs need to be reformed now to ensure their solvency for future generations, of elder beneficiaries, and to protect the health of the overall economy so that the US can continue to meet the needs of other cohorts as well.
Forecasting
predict or estimate (a future event or trend)
Service fragmentation
Means that many agencies will be offering services with less overall coordination or attention to overlapping services and gaps in services.
Example: many churches have had to open food pantries in order to feed low income family who no longer receive public welfare.
