Exam 2 Flashcards
Strengths Perspective
is a philosophical approach to social work positing
that the goals, strengths, and resources of people and their environment, rather
than their problems and pathologies should be the central focus of the helping
process
English Poor Law 1601
Worthy vs Unworthy Poor
outdoor relief.
local responsibility, each locality was responsible for helping only its own residents.
almshouses were supported by private funds, and they were reserved for the “worthy poor,”
Indoor Relief
Aid provided in institutional settings such as work houses.
Outdoor Relief
outdoor relief-aid provided to them in
their homes or other non-institutional settings.
Child saving
The child-saving movement developed in response to the growing numbers of children who were overcrowding institutions and living on the streets of the cities.
worthy poor
orphan trains, and growth of orphanages
Jane Adams
Founded Hull House in 1889
focus on environment
NAACP
policy work / macro wok
Dorothea Dix
a leader in the mental health reform movement
19th century
Wanted the federal government to provide institutions for the mentally ill.
Mary Richmond
In 1917, Mary Richmond published Social Diagnosis
focus on the individual
professionalization
Settlement Houses
Hull House 1886
Houses places in poorer neighborhoods where reformers wanted to implement change
residence based aid
provided poor with social capital
Charity Organization Societies
Grounded in “Social Darwinism” believed that the poor caused their own poverty (bad genetics, bad morals)
“scientific charity,” which involved the use of systematic procedures to assess who was in need
“friendly visitors”
SS Act of 1935
entitlement vs assistance
funded through FICA
original act made provisions for old-age benefits; financial assistance to elderly,the blind,and dependent children
OASDI social insurance program for the “worthy” who paid in
Works Progress Administration
Roosevelt Administration “New Deal”
employed millions of people in such diverse activities as building roads,bridges, and other public works; planting trees and preserving forests; performing plays, and painting murals
replaced the principle that social welfare was largely a local and state responsibility
Civilian Conservation Corps
Employed people to plant trees and build trails.
money went home to families
rural locations
part of the “New Deal”
Women and war
women entered the work force and often moved into non-traditional areas, such as manufacturing jobs in
shipyards and aircraft factories.
when the war ended jobs and benefits like work time daycare ended and the idea of gender roles continued to be enforced
School Segregation
1954 supreme court ruled separate but equal was unconstitutional in Brown vs Board of Education
Medicare
part of “The Great Society”
established in 1965
Medicare is a national health insurance program for people age 65 and older who are eligible for Social Security and for certain categories of younger people with disabilities.
Medicaid
Medicaid provides health care for certain categories of people with very low incomes as part of public assistance.
It is a means-tested program that is
financed jointly by federal and state dollars.
Block Grants
allow the state more discretion over how federal
monies will be spent. However, block grants typically are capped, so that if the need for services increases, the federal government will not automatically provide additional funding.
Affirmation Action
a general term that refers to policies and programs designed to compensate for discrimination against
marginalized groups such as women and people of color
The New Deal
Roosevelt Administration
influenced by Keynesian economics
federal government had a responsibility to care for people who were in need by no fault of their own. Replaced the idea that social welfare belonged to local and state.
Social Darwinism
a social philosophy that applies Darwin’s theory of evolution based on natural selection to human societies
The poor were poor because they were biologically inferior
Worthy/ Unworthy Poor
Worthy poor are those seen as deserving of assistance such as orphans and the elderly. The worthy poor tend to have better services and their services have less stigma.
Unworthy poor those seen as undeserving of aid such as single able bodied males.
Reagan and Welfare
reduced welfare funding
increased corporate welfare
turned more social welfare back over to the states
Americans with Disability Act
1990 law that bans discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in such areas as employment and transportation
State Children’s Insurance Program
1997 authorizes states to offer health insurance to children,up to the age of 19, who are not already insured.
Signed under Clinton Administration
Medicare Part D
began in 2006 under the Bush administration, used a private-sector strategy to provide prescription drug benefits for people receiving Medicare.
Structural Discriminatiom
refers to entrenched and long-lasting societal practices that favor one group over another based on group characteristics such as skin color
Affordable Care Act
2010 U.S. joined the community of nations that ensure health care as a basic right
for most of their people, rather than a privilege for some.
In the health care reform legislation, risk is shifting
from individuals to the federal and state government
Earned Income Tax Credit
enacted by congress in 1975 in order to decrease the impact of Medicare and Social Security taxes that are deducted from the wages earned by low-income families with children
provided a refundable tax credit to
families whose incomes fell below the federal poverty line
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
Lilly Ledbetter sued Goodyear Tire after 20 years’ of service when she realized that, although she had the most experience, she was the lowest-paid supervisor
Signed by Obama allows individuals to bring about a lawsuit within 180 days of any issuance of a discriminatory paycheck
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
TANF is a state-level block grant that empowers
each state to determine when and under what circumstances it will provide cash assistance to families in poverty. States are no longer required to provide assistance to any individual or family.
Replaced AFDC in 1996 under the Clinton Administration
Civil Rights Act of 1964
banned unequal voter registration, racial discrimination
Equal employment for women and people of color.
Denied federal funds to schools that discriminate
Mathew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
Signed by Obama in 2009
This legislation extends federal hate crimes law to include crimes motivated by a victim’s gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.
Seen as a big win for LGBTQ advocates
Friendly Visitors
A sort of caseworker used by Charity Organization Societies
No child left behind
Outcome based education
Testing
Policy well intended but with no funding it failed
Orphanages
institutionalized care for orphans
