Final Flashcards
from trachea to alveoli
lower respiratory tract
from nose to trachea
upper respiratory tract
how many lobes in the left lung
right?
2 left
3 right
what lines the trachea?
cilia
how thick is the alveolar shell?
1 cell
describe the path of inhalation
now exhalation
whats upper? whats lower?
mouth (oral cavity) and nose (nasal cavity) pharynx epiglottis (open or closed) larynx (contains vocal chords) trachea bronchi bronchial tree alveoli
3 reasons why we breathe
exchange O2
“ CO2
control blood acidity by exchanging CO2
what chemicals do we breathe in/out?
percentages?
In O2 - 21% N2 - 78% CO2 - .04% H2O - 1% Out O2 - 16% N2 - 78% CO2 - 4% H2O - 2%
diaphragm n external intercostals relax..
inhalation or exhalation?
exhalation
higher pressure inside the lungs..
inhalation or exhalation
exhalation
diaphragm and external intercostals contract..
inhalation or exhalation
inhalation
lower pressure inside lungs..
inhalation or exhalation?
inhalation
as much air as u can hold in ur lungs upon inhalation
how much?
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
4200-6000 ml
air still in ur lungs after u forcibly exhale
how much?
residual volume (RV) 1100-1200ml
max amt of air exhaled after forcible inhalation
how much?
Vital Capacity (VC) 3100-4800 ml
vol of air either inhaled or exhaled at rest
how much?
Tidal Volume (TV) 500 ml
whats the main difference bw men n women regarding volumes n capacities of the lungs?
lung size
BF
breathing frequency
VO2max
max vol of oxygen used by skeletal muscles during exercise
Ve
ventilation per min
VT
ventilation threshold
VO2
volume of oxygen used during exercise
what is the equation for Ve?
Ve = TV x BF
what is true about Ve if it is constant?
if TV goes up, BF goes down
what four factors send impulses to the brain stem, which in turn, will send impulses to increase breathing frequency?
increases blood CO2
muscle contractions
increase in body temp
increase in blood lactic acid
BF at rest?
at max exercise?
10-15bpm
30-35bpm
TV at rest?
at max exercise?
500ml
2500-3600ml
Ve at rest?
at max exercise?
5000ml or 5L
126000 or 126L
air movement in one constant direction
laminar flow
air movement in multiple changing directions
turbulent flow
how long does glycolysis last?
15sec - 15mins
another name for ETC
oxidative phosphorylation
what muscle types for VO2max?
0-70%
70-98%
99-100%
type 1
type 2a
type 2b
explain body morphology
endo
meso
ecto
endo - fat
meso - average
ecto - tall skinny
t/f
no differences bw male n female in anaerobic or aerobic pathways b4 puberty
t
during and after puberty what muscle fibers are most likely in males n females?
males - type 2
females - type 1
working the body harder than it is normally worked
overload
a systematic increase in overload throughout an extended period of time
progression
performing exercises that r specific to the fitness components of interest
specificity
combination of physical and psychological stress that can cause tiredness, staleness, decrease in performance, and increase risk of injury
overtraining
the slowing or stopping of a training program such that ones ability and performance begin to slowly return to their previous state
detraining
how much should overload b to prevent injury?
approx 5-10% increase in workload every week
what are four changes in the energy system’s result from training?
- greater number of mitochondria
- greater stores of ATP-PC
- greater stores of lactate buffers
- greater amt of metabolic enzymes necessary for making ATP, which makes the trained energy pathway more efficient and faster
