Final

Question 1

(e.g., immunizations) removing
risk factors, so disease does not occur

Answer 1

Primary prevention

Question 2

(e.g., Pap smears) detecting
disease when still curable

Answer 2

Secondary prevention

Question 3

(e.g., antibiotic use) preventing
further deterioration or reducing complications of disease

Answer 3

Tertiary prevention

Question 4

Relatively severe, but self limiting

Answer 4

Acute

Question 5

Continuous, long term process

Answer 5

Chronic

Question 6

Defects at birth, although may manifest later in life or never. Caused by genetics or environmental factors

Answer 6

Congenital conditions

Question 7

designation as to the nature or cause of a health
problem

Answer 7

Diagnosis

Question 8

the extent to which an observation, when
repeated, gives the same result

Answer 8

Reliability

Question 9

the extent to which a measurement tool measures
what it is intended to measure

Answer 9

Validity

Question 10

determining the likelihood or how
well the test or observation identifies people with or without a disease

Answer 10

Sensitivity and specificity

Question 11

the extent to which an observation or test
result is able to predict the presence of a given disease or condition

Answer 11

Predictive value

Question 12

Cause if disease/ can trigger (can be biological, physical, chemical, or nutritional)

Answer 12

Etiology

Question 13

How disease manifests itself (ex: s&s)

Answer 13

Clinical manifestations

Question 14

A manifestation that is noted by an observer. (Ex: red rash, high temp, swollen)

Answer 14

Sign

Question 15

Subjective complaint by the patient. (Ex: pain , difficulty breathing, & dizziness)

Answer 15

Symptom

Question 16

Probable outcome of recovery from a disease

Answer 16

Prognosis

Question 17

the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making
decisions about the care of individual patients

Answer 17

Evidence-based practice

Question 18

Clinical practice guidelines (check lists) for evidence based practice

Answer 18

o Algorithms
o Written directives
o Combination of algorithms and written directives

Question 19

4 stages of inflammation:

Answer 19

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain

Question 20

Lasts min. to days, exudation of fluid and plasma components. Emigration of leukocytes

Answer 20

Acute inflammation

Question 21

Lasts days to years, presence of lymphocytes and macrophages

Answer 21

Chronic inflammation

Question 22

May extend to lymphatic system—-> reaction in lymph nodes that drain affected area

Answer 22

Localized inflammation

Question 23

Include acute phase response, altering wbc count and fever. Also lead to lymph nodes and drain. Cytokines

Answer 23

Systemic inflammation

Question 24

Tumor like mass caused by excess scar tissue. More common in African Americans

Answer 24

Keloids

Question 25

A high white blood cell count ( due to bacterial infections and tissue injury). Sign of inflammation response. Normal range 4000—> 10,000 cells

Answer 25

Leukocytosis

Question 26

A decrease in wbc. Caused by an infection or inability to produce wbc

Answer 26

Lauekopenia

Question 27

Clear to yellow fluid that leaks from wounds

Answer 27

Serous drainage

Question 28

Contains blood, may be present in healing

Answer 28

Serosanguineous drainage

Question 29

Consists of primarily blood

Answer 29

Sanguineous drainage

Question 30

Thick, white pus. (Indication of infection)

Answer 30

Purulent drainage

Question 31

Occurs in wounds with dermal edges that are close together. Sutures, staples, etc. closing a wound w/ low risk of infection and little concern for wound edges separating

Answer 31

Primary intention

Question 32

Occurs when the sides of the wound are not opposed, therefore healing must occur from the bottom of the wound upwards. Open surg. wounds that are left to heal from the base up. Slow and prone to infection

Answer 32

Secondary intention

Question 33

Formation of scar tissue. Occurs in fibroblasts (synthesizing collagen and stroma) occurs intracellularly and extracellulary

Answer 33

Colllagen synthesis

Question 34

Stages of infection:

Answer 34

Incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline,convalescence (&resolution)

Question 35

Pathogen begins active replication w out symptoms

Answer 35

Incubation period

Question 36

Initial appearance of symptoms

Answer 36

Prodromal stage

Question 37

Host experiences max impact of pathogen

Answer 37

Acute stage

Question 38

Containment of infection, elimination of pathogen

Answer 38

Convalescent stage

Question 39

Total elimination from the body

Answer 39

Reolution

Question 40

Direct contact, ingestion/inhalation. (Most commonly through the mucus membranes)

Answer 40

Portal of entry

Question 41

Gram pos: stains purple Gram neg: stains red 2 types: - spirochetes- gram neg rods -microplasms- unicellular prokaryotes—-> a single celled organism that can reproduce

Answer 41

Bacterial infectioj

Question 42

Smallest pathogen. Have no cellular structure. Has a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core of dna or rna. Are incapable of replication outside a living cell

Answer 42

Viral infection

Question 43

Protozoa- unicellular Helminiths- worm like Arthropods - vectors Animal transported disease

Answer 43

Parasite

Question 44

A bacterial infection in the tummy. Is a common cause of peptic ulcers

Answer 44

H. Pylori

Question 45

Humoral or antibody mediated immunity

Answer 45

B lymphocytes

Question 46

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 46

T lymphocytes

Question 47

Production of ______ depends on depends on: -diff stem cells to mature b lymphocytes -the generation of xxx

Answer 47

Immunoglobulins

Question 48

A substance that prompts the body to trigger an immune response against it. This includes bacteria and viruses

Answer 48

antigens

Question 49

Proteins that the body produces when it detects antigens. Produced by immune cells called B cells

Answer 49

Antobodies

Question 50

A chem. found in some body cells - causes many symptoms of allergies

Answer 50

Histamine