final Flashcards
what is overlearning
continuation of practice beyond the amount needed to achieve a certain performance criterion
what influence does overlearning have on retention of motor skill learning
positive influence
what are procedural skills
skills that have a combo of cognitive and motor components and require a series of easy movements
how does overlearning apply to dynamic balance skills
diminishing returns for amount of extra practice
how does overlearning apply to physical education class setting
due to time constraints, learner-rotated format is superior, because it provides more efficient use of the available practice time
why can overlearning lead to poor learning
practicing the same movement can result in decreasing capability to remember the movement as well as to transfer to a movement variation
**more practice variability required
massed practice
-longer practice sessions and shorter rest between sessions
-longer practice trials and shorter rest between trials within each session
distributed practice
-time is distributed across many shorter sessions
-shorter practice trials and longer rest between trials within each session
when does the best learning result
when ppl practice skills in more frequent and shorter sessions
3 hypotheses - why distributed practice sessions are better for learning
- fatigue hypothesis
- cognitive effort hypothesis
- memory consolidation hypothesis
fatigue hypothesis
massed practice is more physically tiring
cognitive effort hypothesis
less effort, monotonous and boring
memory consolidation hypothesis
time to form long term memory
continuous skills - distributed or massed
distributed schedules are more effective in promoting learning than massed schedules
discrete skills - massed or distributed?
massed schedules are more effective than distributed schedules in promoting learning
complexity
number of parts or components and the degree of info processing that characterize a skill
-more complex smt is, the more component parts it has which means there are more demands on info processing
organization
relationships among the component parts of the skill
low level of organization
when the component parts are relatively independent
explain how to decide to use whole or part practice
-skill of low complexity and high organization = whole skill
-skill of high complexity and low organization = part method
W or P: discrete skills
whole practice
W or P: serial skills
part practice
W or P: continuous skills
whole or part practice
fractionization
practicing individual limbs first for a skill that involves the asymmetric and simultaneous coordination of the arms or legs
segmentation
begin practice with first part of skill, then progressively add each part until the skill is practiced as a whole
-ex: tennis serve
