Final Flashcards by Canmeila Adam

What is the only paranasal sinus not contained within a cranial bone?
a. Maxillary
b. Sphenoid c. Ethmoid d. Frontal

Maxillary

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The term antrum of Highmore is an older term for the:
a. frontal sinuses.
b. ethmoid sinuses.
c. maxillary sinuses.
d. nasal cavity.

maxillary sinuses.

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Which sinus often produces an air/fluid level indicating a basilar skull fracture? a. Ethmoid
b. Maxillary c. Sphenoid
d. Frontal

Sphenoid

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Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone?
a. Perpendicular plate
b. Pterygoid processes
c. Cribriform plate
d. Lateral masses

Lateral masses

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The ____ passageway drains the maxillary sinus into the middle nasal conchae.
a. ethmoid bulla
b. infundibulum
c. uncinate process
d. inferior nasal concha

infundibulum

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The ____ sinuses develop last and are not fully developed until the teenage years.
a. ethmoid
b. sphenoid c. nasal
d. maxillary

ethmoid

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Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture? a. Maxilla
b. Ethmoid c. Temporal d. Zygomatic

Zygomatic

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Which of the following imaging modalities is utilized to determine the degree of skeletal metastases especially in the cranium?
a. CT
b. MRI
c. Nuclear medicine
d. Radiography

Nuclear medicine

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Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones?
a. Outer canthus
b. Acanthion
c. Midway between the glabella and the EAM
d. Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

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What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?
a. 40°
b. 37°
c. 42°
d. 15° to 20°

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Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones?
a. Nasion
b. Glabella c. Acanthion d. Midorbits

Acanthion

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Which of the following technical factors do NOT apply to lateral nasal bone projections?
a. The technologist should not use automatic exposure control (AEC).
b. The technologist should use a small focal spot.
c. The technologist should use low to medium kV.
d. All of the above apply.

All of the above apply.

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Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR with a true lateral nasal
bone projection? a. OML
b. AML
c. Interpupillary d. Midsagittal

Interpupillary

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Which of the following projections will best demonstrate deviation of the bony nasal septum?
a. Parietoacanthial
b. Lateral nasal bone
c. AP axial projection
d. Lateral facial bone

Parietoacanthial

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The CR must be placed parallel to the ____ positioning line for the superoinferior tangential (axial) projection of nasal bones.
a. glabellomeatal
b. mentomeatal
c. lips-meatal
d. glabelloalveolar

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How much skull tilt and rotation are required for the oblique inferosuperior (tangential) projection for zygomatic arches?
a. 10°
b. 15°
c. 25° d. None

What can the technologist do if the patient cannot extend the head and neck adequately for the routine submentovertical projection of the zygomatic arches?
a. Perform the Haas method.
b. Use a short SID to magnify the arches.
c. Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the IOML.
d. Rotate the skull 15° away from the affected side.

Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the IOML.

Which of the following points is NOT true about the oblique inferosuperior (tangential)
projection of the zygomatic arches?
a. It requires both rotation and tilt of the skull.
b. A small focal spot should be used.
c. The AEC should not be used.
d. A grid must be used.

d. A grid must be used.

Which projection best demonstrates the floor of the orbits with minimal distortion?
a. Parietoacanthial (Waters)
b. Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
c. PA axial (Caldwell)
d. Lateral facial bones

Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters)

What is the angle between the midsagittal plane and the IR for a parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramen?
a. 45°
b. 12°
c. 30° d. 53°

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the IR for the parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramina?
a. OML
b. AML
c. MML d. IOML

AML

What is the maximum CR angulation used for the axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection of
the mandible?
a. 10° to 15°
b. 25°
c. 30°
d. 45°

How much skull rotation (from a lateral position) is required to place the ramus parallel to the IR for the axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?
a. None. The skull should be kept in a lateral position.
b. 30°
c. 45°
d. 53°

Where does the CR exit for the optional PA axial projection of the mandible?
a. Junction of the lips
b. Nasion
c. Mentum
d. Acanthion

Acanthion

Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the mandible? a. OML b. AML c. IOML d. GAL

OML

What CR angle is required for the AP axial projection for the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with the IOML perpendicular to the image receptor? a. 30° b. 37° c. 25° d. 42°

What CR angle is required for the axiolateral (Schuller method) projection of the TMJs? a. None. The CR should be perpendicular to the film. b. 25° to 30° caudad c. 15° caudad d. 20° to 25° cephalad

25° to 30° caudad

Where should the optic foramen be located with a well-positioned parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramina? a. Inner, lower quadrant of orbit b. Center of orbit c. Lower, outer quadrant of orbit d. Inner, upper quadrant of orbit

Lower, outer quadrant of orbit

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sinuses? a. Upside EAM (side away from image receptor) b. At the level of the nasion c. Midway between the acanthion and the EAM d. Midway between the outer canthus and the EAM

Midway between the outer canthus and the EAM

Which sinuses are best demonstrated with the PA projection? a. Maxillary and sphenoid b. Frontal and ethmoid c. Sphenoid and ethmoid d. Frontal and maxillary

Frontal and ethmoid

Which plane or perspective is most often produced for a CT scan of the sinuses? a. Sagittal b. Transverse c. Coronal d. Axial oblique

Coronal

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are a. Tilt b. Excessive flexion c. Excessive extension d. Rotation

Rotation

The recommended digital systems kV range for the superoinferior tangential (axial) projection of the nasal bones is: a. 40 to 50. b. 50 to 60. c. 70 to 80. d. 75 to 85.

70 to 80.

How much skull rotation, from a lateral position, is recommended to best demonstrate the body of the mandible for an axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection? a. None. Keep skull in true lateral position. b. 10 to 15° toward the IR c. 30° toward the IR d. 45° toward the IR

30° toward the IR

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding? a. Insufficient extension of skull and neck b. Excessive extension of skull and neck c. Excessive CR angulation d. No error exists; accept the initial radiograph.

Insufficient extension of skull and neck

A radiograph of a PA Caldwell (15° caudad) projection for cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are projected into the lower one-third of the orbits. Which of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image a. Increase the extension of the head and neck. b. Decrease the extension of the head and neck. c. Nothing; accept the initial radiograph. d. Angle the CR 10° caudad.

Nothing; accept the initial radiograph.

A radiograph of a parieto-orbital oblique projection for the optic foramen reveals that the optic foramen is projected into the maxillary sinus. Which of the following modifications is necessary to produce a more diagnostic image? a. Decrease the extension of the head and neck. b. Increase the extension of the head and neck. c. Increase the CR angulatioNn. R I G B.C M USNT O d. Decrease the CR angulation.

Decrease the extension of the head and neck.

A radiograph of an axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible reveals that the mandibular body is greatly foreshortened. Which of the following modifications is necessary to produce a more diagnostic image? a. Increase the rotation of skull toward the image receptor. b. Decrease the rotation of skull toward the image receptor. c. Decrease the CR angulation. d. Increase the CR angulation.

Increase the rotation of skull toward the image receptor

A patient enters the ED with facial bone injuries. The physician is concerned about a possible blow-out fracture of the left orbit. Which one of the following projections would best diagnose this injury? a. Parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection b. Submentovertical projection c. Superoinferior (tangential) projection d. Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection

Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection