Final 150 Pt. 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
Fertile land
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company that established Jamestown
Jamestown
Easy to defend
No farmland
Didn’t have enough food
John Smith
First governor of Jamestown
Forced people to work
When he left England, Jamestown suffered
Pocahontas
Saved John Smith
John Rolfe
Married Pocahontas
Learn how to grow certain type of tobacco, and sold the first crop in 1816
Tobacco
Allowed Virginia to grow
Bacon’s Rebellion
Led people to Jamestown and set it on fire
Nathaniel Bacon
Plymouth Colony
Pilgrims planned to go to New York but instead landed in Plymouth
Pilgrims
Separatists that came to the colonies for religious freedom
Came to America on the mayflower in 1620
Mayflower
The ship pilgrims came to America on
Mayflower Compact
A document that provided the laws and helped developed government
William Bradford
Led the pilgrims for over 30 years
Most famous for writing Of Plymouth Plantations
Squanto and Samoset
Showed pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and squash!!!!
Puritans
Protestants who wanted to reform
Massachusetts Bay Colony
John Winthrop was the groups governor
Puritans believed in a form of theocracy
John Winthrop
Governor of the mass bay colony
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Taken to trial over disagreeing with puritans
Salem Witch Trials
A series of hearings and procedures of people accused of witchcraft
William Penn
A Quaker that wrote their constitution
Quakers
Very tolerant of other’s religions
They were pacifists- people who refuse to fight in wars
Positive treatment towards women
Pacifists
People who refused to fight in wars
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Georgia
First governor
First Great Awakening
A religious revival that swept through the colonies
Triangular Trade
A system where slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the colonies
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Albany Plan of Union- called for 1 government for the 13 colonies
Designed to help the colonies defend themselves from the French
Join or Die- first political cartoon
Poor Richards almanack- written by Benjamin Franklin
John Peter Zenger Trial
John Peter Zenger accused the governor of New York of corruption in the New York weekly journal
Cause of French and Indian War
Wanted to control fur trade
Proclamation of 1763
Halted western expansion by settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains
The Sugar Act
Lowered taxes on Molasses to try and stop people from smuggling
The Stamp Act
Place a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies
The Boston Massacre
A fight between townspeople and British soldiers
5 people died in the Boston massacre
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty board on East India Trading Compony ship and destroy tea by throwing it in the Boston harbor
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Wanted to punish citizens of Boston by closing down the harbor
Patrick Henry
” I am not a Virginian, but an American”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams- founded the sons of liberty
Sons of liberty- a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists
John Hancock
A well known protest leader
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Called for the colonies to have complete independence from Great Britain
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
1176, Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, The purpose was to explain why the colonies chose to form a new nation
Cause of American Revolutionary War
The war for independence
Loyalists
Colonists still loyal to Great Britain
Patriots
Fought on their own land
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Lexington- minutemen fired “the shot heard around the world”
Concord- …..
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the American Revolution
Benedict Arnold
Hero of the battle of Saratoga
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
Hessions?
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at Valley forge
Francis Marion
Swamp Fox
Helped patriots defend the south
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run war technique
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the American revolution
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio river and East of the Mississippi River
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution
Each state had one vote in congress
Unsuccessful because the government in provided was not strong enough to handle all of the problems in the country
Shays’ Rebellion
An uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes
Revealed the need for a stronger government
The Great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day
One part was based on population, and one part was based on equality
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, it is the supreme law of the land, 1776
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the constitution
Created to limit the power of the government and to protect the rights of individuals
1
st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, press, and petition the government
2
nd Amendment
Right to bear arms and for states to be able to maintain a militia
4
th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
5
th Amendment
Natural rights cannot be deprived without due process of law
6
th Amendment
You have the right to a speedy, public, trial by an impartial jury
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative- makes the laws
Executive- carries out laws
Judicial- interprets laws and declares laws or presidential acts unconstitutional
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Alexander Hamilton
Washingtons secretary of treasury
Attempts to strengthen the nations economy
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien acts- allowed president to deport aliens
Sedition acts- a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
John Sevier
…….
Natchez Trace
……..
Marbury v Madison
The landmark court case that established judicial review
Judicial review
Court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case over states rights
