Final 150 Part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
To get new land and spread christiany
Virginia Company
The joint stock company that established Jamestown
Jamestown
- Easy to defend
- Not good farmland
- Many looked for sliver and gold
- Tobacco saved Jamestown
John Smith
- 1st governor of Jamestown for 12 years
- Built a strong relationship with Chief Powhatan to get corn
- Left for England,Jamestown suffered,Powhatan stopped providing food
- Lead to The Winter of 1609-1610 called “The Starving Time”
Pocahontas
-Saved John Smith and brought some peace to England and the Native Americans
John Rolfe
- Learned how to grow this type of tobacco and sold the first crop in 1614 in England
- He married the daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas
Tobacco
-The cropped that saved Jamestown
Bacon’s Rebellion
- Nathaniel Bacon
- Called “The Greatest rebel that ever was in Virginia” by Berkeley
- Had shown the settlers were not content with restricted to the coast
Plymouth Colony
The colony of the pilgrims
Pilgrims
Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom
Mayflower
The ship that the pilgrims came to America on
Mayflower Compact
A document that the pilgrims signed on the Mayflower that set up a orderly government
William Bradford
He led the pilgrims for over 30 years and most famous for writing Of Plymouth Plantation
Squanto and Samoset
Befriend some Pilgrims
Showed how to grow corn,beans,and squash and how to hunt and fish
Puritans
In 1629 formed a group in the Massachusetts Bay Company and was based on the Bible
Went to escape persecution and economic struggles in England
Believed in a form of theocracy for government
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Formed by Puritans and was based on the Bible
John Winthrop was governor
John Winthrop
Was the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
They were both taken to trial over disagreeing with the Puritans and were kicked out of the Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island
Salem Witch Trials
We’re a series of hearing and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft and were killed
William Penn
Founded Pennsylvania
Was a Quaker
Wrote their constitution
Quakers
- Everyone has inner light that leads them to salvation
- Tolerant of other people’s views
- Pacifist
Pacifists
People who refuse to fight in wars or use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Set up Georgia and was its first governor Was a buffers states between the stronger English colonies and Spanish attacks and as a place where English debtors and lower class could get a fresh start
First Great Awakening
A religious revival that sweep through the colonies
Triangular Trade
Was a system in which slaves,crops, and manufactured goods were trade between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
All made by Benjamin Franklin
John Peter Zenger Trial
In 1733 John Zenger was throw in jail when he accused the governor of Now York of corruption, he was found not guilty and help is to get freedom of the press
Cause of French and Indian War
France and Great Britain wanted control of Ohio River Valley because of the fur trade
Proclamation of 1763
Gray Britain signed the Proclamation that halted western expansion by settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease the Native Americans
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses try and convince people to stop smuggling
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies
The Boston Massacre.
March 5,1770 A fight beaks out between townspeople and British soldiers and 5 people died. Was used as propaganda
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty boarded on EITC ship when it is set to be unloaded and destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor at midnight on December 16 1773
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish to Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party
Patrick Henry
At the 1st Continental Congress meeting he said,”I am not a Virginian, but an American”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Sam Adams founder of Sons of Liberty which was a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British
John Hancock
1st person to sign the DoI
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Called for the colonies to have complete independence from GB he thought the colonies should. E a refuge from tyrants and persecution
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4,1776 Pennsylvania by Thomas Jefferson a breakup letter to GB
Cause of the American Revolution
The increase of taxes without representation
Loyalists
Didn’t think these taxes were enough of a reason to fight
Patriots
Determined to fight until Independence was won
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The battle at Lexington is where minuteman fired the “shot heard round the world
Battle of Saratoga
Happened in 1777 and turning point of the war and France and Spain became allies of the colonies
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food clothing or shelter for Washington and his troops
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the American Revolution
Benedict Arnold
Hero of the Battle of Sarstoge but later his wife arranged him to get a higher rank in the British military as a trader
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the force of America had a great influence on the future of mankind
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at Valley Forge and was Prussian born officer and credited for teaching the colonial army essentials of military drill and discipline
Francis Marion
Known as Swamp Fox and father of guerrilla warfare
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run war technique
Treaty of Paris 1783
GB recognized the US as an independent nation
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River
Articles of Confederation
In November 1777 American’s 1st constitution
Shays’ Rebellion
An uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the government taxes on poor farmers and showed a need for strong central government
The Great Compromise
Established the model for Congress used to this day
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1787 and Tomane a government for the US
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the government
2nd Amendment
The right to own firearms
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
5th Amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law
People accused of committing crimes because you have the right to not give self incriminating evidence
6th Amendment
Have the right to a speedy, public trail by an impartial jury
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative Branch- Law making-Congress:Senate and House of Rep
Executive Brunch- Carries out the laws-President-chief executive- the President has the power to check congress with veto power
Judicial Brunch- Interprets laws and declares laws of presidential acts unconstitutional- supreme and federal courts
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Alexander Hamilton
Proposed a plan that would have the federal government take care of the state debts from the war
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Acts- allowed President to deport aliens
Sedition Acts- a crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government
John Sevier
1st governor of Tennessee
Natchez Trace
Important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville
Marbury v Madison
Landmark cases established Judaical Review and was the 1st time the Supreme decided something was unconstitutional
Judicial review
The court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court case over states’ rights. Maryland imposed a tax over a branch of the second bank of the US. Chief Marshall ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the bank because it was a federal institutions
