Final 150 Flashcards
Virginia Company
Joint joint stock company that gained charter to establish Jamestown
Jamestown
Swamp
Infested with misquotes
Lack of farmland
River
John Smith
Governor for 12 years
Forced settlers to work and explore
Built a strong relationship with chief Powhatan to get corn
Pocahontas
Daughter of Powhatan
Married John Rolfe
Saved Johns life and brought some peace to the British/Native American relations after marrying Rolfe
John Rolfe
Learned how to grow tobacco and sold the first crop in 1614
Married Pocahontas
Tobacco
Saved Jamestown because there wasn’t any gold or silver
Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon led a group to Jamestown and was gonna set it on fire, but he got sick and passed away
Plymouth Colony
Colony of the pilgrims
Pilgrims
Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom
Made with the VA company that they could settle in the Hudson River in exchange for a share of many profits made
Came to America on the Mayflower on Sept 1620
Mayflower
Document provided the laws and helped develop govts in America
William Bradford
Led the pilgrims for over 30 years
Responsible for designating the thanksgiving holiday in American culture
Most famous for writing “Plymouth Plantation” story of the pilgrims
Squanto and Samoset
Native Americans that befriended some pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash. + hunt and fish
Wampanoag tribe
Puritans
Protestants who wanted to reform Were strict Believed in a form of theocracy Formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony Little tolerance for any other religious beliefs
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Based on the Bible
Formed by puritans
John Winthrop
Puritans governor
Led many to live in Boston (modern day)
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Taken to trail over disagreeing with puritans and were kicked out of mass.
Formed Rgode island
Salem Witch Trials
Series of hearings and prosecutions of ppl accused of witchcraft where many were falsely accused were killed
William Penn
founded PA
Quaker that wrote their constitution
(Everyone is equal in gods sight)
Quakers
Tolerant of other ppl view
Didn’t have churches bc they believed in a direct experience with god
Refused to fight in wars or use force
Pacifists
Ppl who refused to fight in wars of use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Oglethorpe, the first governor of GA, founded GA and set it up as a buffer state between the strong English colonies and Spanish attacks and where English debtors and the lowers class could get a fresh start
First Great Awakening
Religious revival that swept through the colonies
Triangular Trade
System in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Poor Richards almanac was written by Benjamin Franklin, a collect of witty sayings such as “ A penny saved is a penny earned”
Albany plan of union called for one general govt for the 13 colonies. Designed the help defend the colonies against the French.
“Join or die” was the first political cartoon in America by Franklin
John Peter Zenger Trial
John Peter Zenger accused the governor of New York of corruption in the NY Weekly Journal and was thrown in jail.
Zenger was not found guilty and this helped lead us to freedom of press
Cause of French and Indian War
Wanted Ohio River Valley bc they wanted to control the fur trade
Proclamation of 1763
Halted Western Expansion by the settlers west of the Appalachian mountain to appease the NAs
The Sugar Act
Lowering taxes on molasses to try to get ppl to stop smuggling
The stamp act
Placed a tax on almost every printed material
The Boston Massacre
A fight that broke out between GB and towns ppl that left 5 ppl dead
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists threw tea off a sip while disguised as Indians
The intolerable/coercive acts
Harsh laws that were passed to punish MA citizens
Patrick Henry
Made a famous quote “ give me liberty or give me death”
Samuel Adams and the sins of liberty
Group of ppl who didn’t like gb and Samuel was there leader
John Hancock
First to sign Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paines common sense
.
D of I - year, location, author, significance
1176, PA, Thomas Jefferson, gave ppl rights
Cause of American Revolutionary War
GB kept imprisoning colonists
Loyalists
Loyal to GB
Patriots
Rebels that fought GB
Battles of Lexington and Concord
First battles of the American Revolution
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war
Winter at valley forge
A time of terrible suffering fort he colonies without decent food or clothing
Battle of Yorktown
Battle that Cornwallis surrenders at
Benedict Arnold
The hero of Saratoga
Lead commander of the patriots troops in the war
Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
Fresh military officer in the American Revolution
Friedrich Von Steuben
Drilled the troops at valley forge
Francis Marion
Swamp fox
Father of guerilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare
A hit and run tactic
Treaty of Paris 1783
Officially ended the war
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Added new states to the union
Articles of confederation
A government that wasn’t strong enough and couldn’t raise taxes
Shays rebellion
Uprising by MA farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers
The great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day
3/5 Compromise
Slaves that voted only counted 3/5
The US Constitution- father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1788, for a national government
Bill of rights
First ten amendments of the Constitution
1st amendment
Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, petition
2nd amendment
Citizens have the right to own firearms
4th amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
5th
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law
6th amendment
You have the rights to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury
Three branches of govt and their purpose
Legislative- makes the laws
Judicial- judges laws
Executive- confirms
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal govt
Alexander Hamilton
first secretary of the treasury
wrote 51 of 85 essays under the collective title The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers)
Alien and sedition acts
Naturalization Act- allowed president to imprison and deport non citizens (aliens)
John Sevier
First governor of Tennessee
Judicial review
review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
