Final 150 Flashcards
1
Q
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
A
Because of gold silver and religious freedom.
2
Q
Virginia Company
A
A joint stock company that gained a charger to establish Jamestown.
3
Q
Jamestown
A
Have a little farmland it is swampy and is infested with mosquitoes they spent more time mining then farming so not much food.
4
Q
John Smith
A
Governor of Jamestown for its first two years also he forced settlers to work and explore.
5
Q
Pocahontas
A
Is known for saving John Smith’s life and helping serve piece to the British and native after marry Rolfe.
6
Q
John Rolfe
A
Learned how to grow tobacco in Jamestown.
7
Q
Tobacco
A
Saved Jamestown
8
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion
A
Was an uprising 1676-1677 against the colonial government and American Indians in the Virginia Colony. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies.
9
Q
Plymouth Colony
A
Founded during Puritan migration in 1606 Located in modern day Massachusetts. They moved there for religious freedom, but it was hard to make a living.
10
Q
Pilgrims
A
Separatists who came to colonies for region freedom also came to America on the mayflower on September 16 20 they planned to go near New York but ended up in Plymouth the colony of the pilgrims.
11
Q
Mayflower
A
Is the ship the pilgrims rode
12
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
Was the was a set of laws that the pilgrims made to follow
13
Q
William Bradford
A
Let the pilgrims for over 30 years also is famous for a lot of the Plymouth plantation.
14
Q
Squanto and Samoset
A
What is the Indians that talk the pilgrims to be able to grow food and farm
15
Q
Puritans
A
Were strict and believed in a theocracy for their government
16
Q
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A
In 1629 a group of Puritans formed it and it was based on the Bible.
17
Q
John Winthrop
A
Was the Puritans Governor
18
Q
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
A
Are both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island
19
Q
Salem Witch Trials
A
a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft were many who were falsely accused were killed.
20
Q
William Penn
A
Founded Pennsylvania he was a quaker that wrote their constitution also believed in religious freedom.
21
Q
Quakers
A
Are tolerant of other peoples views they were anti fighters also had a inner light for salvation.
22
Q
Pacifists
A
Believed in war and violence
23
Q
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
A
Created Georgia to protect against slavery and alcohol.
24
Q
First Great Awakening
A
A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730sand 1740s and forever changed religion in America.
25
Triangular Trade
Was a system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and American
26
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Benjamin Franklin wrote poor Richards almanac a collection of witty sayings such as a "penny saved is a penny earned". Albany plan of Union called for one general government for the 13 colonies.The very first politician cartoon in American was drawn by Benjamin Franklin in support of the app APO you it was called join or die
27
John Peter Zenger Trial
In 1733 publisher John Peter Zinger accused the governor of New York of corruption in the New York weekly Journal and was thrown in Jail in court zinger was found not guilty and this helped lead us to freedom of the press.
28
Cause of French and Indian War
By the mis 18th century both the British and French wanted to extend their North American colonies into the land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
29
Proclamation of 1763
Great Britain signs the proclamation of 1763 which halted Western expansion by the settlers west of the Appalachian mountains to appease NA's.
30
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764.
31
The Stamp Act
1765 a new tax would be added that would affect everyone in colonial cities also placed a tax on almost app printed material in the colonies.
32
The Boston Massacre
March 5 1770 A fight breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers. After one solider gets knocked down another fires upon the crowd and 5 people got killed.
33
The Boston Tea Party
Midnight December 16, 1773 a group of colonist led by the sons of Liberty board an East India trading Company ship where it is said to be unloaded and they destroyed the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor.
34
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Intolerable acts harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston. Coercive acts is the tea party.
35
Patrick Henry
September 1774 55 delegates come to Philadelphia to form a group to represent America interest and challenge the British at this meeting Patrick Henry said "I am not a Virginia I am a America". Also he said to take action against the stamp act.
36
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
The sons of liberty was a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British and was founded by Samuel Adams
37
John Hancock
First person to sign the Declaration of Independence
38
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
January 1766 Thomas Paine published the pamphlet common since he called for the colonies to have complete independence from Great Britain Paine believes that the colonies should be a refuge from Tyrants and persecution.
39
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4th 1776 written by Thomas Jefferson and in Philadelphia the significances of the declaration of independence was to explain why the colonies chose to from a new nation.
40
Cause of American Revolutionary War
Christmas 1776 the battle of Trenton surprise attack against Hassan forces were George Washington took his troops across the Delaware river.
41
Loyalists
Were colonists still loyal to Great Britain also called Tories about 20 percent of the colonies were Tories.
42
Patriots
Fought on their own ground also George Washington leadership
43
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The First battles fought in the American Revolutionary War, which occurred on April 19, 1775.
44
Battle of Saratoga
Was the turning point of the Revolutionary War after this battle French and Spain become allies of the colonies.
45
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffrage without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops.
46
Battle of Yorktown
Battle led by George Washington it was the last battle of the American Revolutionary War.
47
Benedict Arnold
One of the sons of liberty and is known as an American hero, although he betrayed America in 1870 and began to fight for the British.
48
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
49
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of American had a great influence on the future of mankind.
50
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at Valley Forge also he was a Prussian born officer, is credited with teaching the continent Army the essentials of military drill and discipline.
51
Francis Marion
Know as the swamp fox because he outwitted the British in a sly way in the swamps of South Carolina
52
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run War technique.
53
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the war.
54
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River
55
Articles of Confederation
In Nov. 1777, Americans 1st constitution was adopted and it was the AOC
56
Shays’ Rebellion
Was an uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the gov't taxes on poor farmers also revealed the need for a stranger central government.
57
The Great Compromise
Establish the model for congress used to this day.
58
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation.
59
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison
1787
And was to create national government.
60
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the constitution
61
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press and petition the gov't.
62
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms.
63
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable causes.
64
5th Amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of low.
65
6th Amendment
You have the right to a speedy, pubic trial by an important jury.
66
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative law making branch.
Executive carries out the laws.
Judicial interprets laws and declares laws or presidential acts.
67
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government.
68
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of treasury also proposed a plan that would have the federal government take care of the state debts from the war.
69
Alien and Sedition Acts
Designed to control activity of foreigns coming to the Us during a time of impending war.
70
John Sevier
Became a hero after he led an army of settlers to theBattlw of King Mountain, where his troops won.
71
Natchez Trace
Road that goes from Nashville to Mississippi.
72
Marbury v Madison
The first court case to Declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. The court case was to decide whether or not Marbury would get his job on the Supreme Court.
73
Judicial review
Review by US Supreme Court to decide if a legislative act is.
74
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case that declared the right of implied powers.
END OF FIRST PART............⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️
75
Election of 1800
John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson after the election two candidates had 73 Electoral Votes : Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
76
Louisiana Purchase
France sells the territory for 15 million in 1803 it involved 830,000 square miles and doubled the size of the U.S.
77
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Were sent on an expedition to explore this territory and find its resources.
78
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
Was a U.S. ship that was intercepted by a British vessel demanding to search for dissenters.
79
War Hawks from the War of 1812
Were people who pushed for war which Great Britain such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
80
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
British forces march into D.C. and burned down the capital and the White House. After the battle of Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key was inspired to write "The Star Spangled Banner".
81
The Star Spangled Banner
Is what Francis Scott Key wrote after the battle of Fort McHenry
82
Monroe Doctrine
The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization. The U.S. would regard any interference in Western Hemisphere affairs as a threat to its society.
83
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
Taters were a very important crop in Ireland, so when there were no taters growing, they were forced to move to the U.S.
84
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
Held the first woman's rights convention in Seneca Falls New York.
85
Industrial Revolution
The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry This started in New England
86
Capitalism
The Economic System of the U.S. also individuals put their capital into a business in hopes of making a profit.
87
Free Enterprise System
People are free to buy sell and produce what they want and can work where they wish
88
Supply and Demand
Sets the price on goods in the Free Enterprises system.
89
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
90
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
It was able to use Interchangeable parts and also did the separation faster than a slave would.
91
Urban vs Rural
Urban=City
| Rural=Country
92
Wilderness Road
Was the route to Kentucky from the Atlanta Coast also it aided the early exploration of Tennessee because it made passing through the mountains easier and opened the door for more settlements.
93
Daniel Boone
Led 30 skilled foresters blazed the trail that became the Wilderness Road. This made him a long hunter, an American Wilderness explorer for at least 6 months at a time.
94
Cumberland Gap
Narrow pass through ride of Cumberland Mountains the Appalachian Mountains near the junction of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia.
95
The Corrupt Bargain
The speaker of the house Henry Clay, meets with Adams and agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the House of Representatives.
96
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Becomes the 7th president nickname "Old Hickory" the spoils system the practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidates supporters. South Carolina passes The Nullification Crisis which says they are not paying this illegal taxes.
97
Indian Removal Act
Act passed by congress in order to relocate Native Americans.
98
Trail of Tears
Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma.
99
Sequoyah
Is known for creating the written Cherokee language.
100
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Was the 9th president his slogan was Tippercanoe and Tyler too also shortest presidency 33 days.
101
Manifest Destiny
Belief that American should extended it boundaries all they Way to the Pacific Ocean.
102
Texas Rebellion
Idk
103
The Alamo – battle significance
Santa Anna's Mexico vs. Travis's Texans also the defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans some much needed time.
104
Davy Crockett
Backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered fight in the Alamo.
105
Oregon Trail
1841-1869 Used by settlers migrating to Pacific Northwest
106
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Was the 11th president and was determined to gain Nm and Ca because of trade, creating a clear passage way to the Pacific Ocean and Manifest Destiny.
107
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
On April 24, 1846, Mexican troops attacked Zachary Taylor and his troops in the disputed border case, which was the cause of the Mexican American War. Mexico lost have their territory by losing also Mexican Cession ceded California and New Mexico and in return the U.S. gave them $15 million.
108
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
Obtained land in California he was the 1st to discover gold on his property. The California gold rush doubled Americans gold supply.
109
Brigham Young
Led the Mormon migration to the Great Salt Lake area of Utah.
110
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Idk
111
John Brown
Was the leader of the Raid on Harpers Ferry.
112
Harriet Tubman
Was the most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad she was an escape slave and kept on doing this for years to get people out of slavery.
113
Underground Railroad
Was a network of escape routes out of the south for enslaved people.
114
Frederick Douglass
Most well know African American abolitionist. Was a powerful speaker with wisdom editor of the news paper "North Star".
115
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Was about the issue of slavery.
116
Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves in 1850 anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned.
117
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the U.S.
118
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas became the first territory the shed blood in civil war over slavery.
119
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles summer of lashed out against those for slavery, including Andrew P. Butler from SC.
120
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown led 18 men on a raid to attack a weapon storage base to get guns for slaves to kill their owners.
121
Dred Scott v Sandford
His plantation owner moved out of slavery and tried to keep Dred as a slave so he went into court about it which divided the country even more and didn't win because he was still a slave.
122
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
The main topic was slavery. Lincoln lost the election but that led him to the White House.
123
Election of 1860
Lincoln became the 16th President.
124
Causes of the Civil War
The attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861
125
Fort Sumter
Was attacked on April 12, 1861 also marked the beginning of the Civil War also in South Carolina.
126
Ulysses S. Grant
Became the 18th president of the U.S.
127
Robert E. Lee
Was opposed to slavery but still fought on the confederate side because he was a proud Virginian that would not fight against his own state.
128
Stonewall Jackson
Nicknamed "Stone Wall Jackson" was considered one of the most gifted tactical commander in U.S History.
129
First Battle of Bull Run
Was the first major battle of the Civil War, fought near the town of Manassas Junction and a small river named Bull Run.
130
Anaconda Plan
Union War plan to defeat the South by dividing them in 2
131
54th Massachusetts
Largest African American solider group.
132
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union forces are greatly out numbered and are forced to retreat. Many people died in the battle.
133
The Battle of Vicksburg
Was the turning point of the Civil War.
134
Sherman’s March to the Sea
General William Tecumseh Sherman led the western army towards Atlanta, After burning Atlanta, Sherman's army began their historic "match to the sea "towards Savanna, Georgia.
135
Lee Surrendering to Grant
April 9th, 1865, Lee and his troops surrendered to Brant in a small Virginia called Appomattox Court House The terms of the surrender were very forgiving on the Southern troops.
136
13th Amendment
Abolished Slavery in 1865
137
14th Amendment
Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the U.S. including A-A's in 1866.
138
15th Amendment
Gave A-A man then right to vote in 1870.
139
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
At Fords theater
John Wilts Booth
Petersen house on 10th street.
140
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
Lincoln wanted to forgive the South
| Radical Republicans wanted a harsher readmission process.
141
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped African Americans make the transition to freedom.
142
Segregation
Separation of Races.
143
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that required A-A's and whites to be separated in every public place in the south.
144
Ku Klux Klan
Was the largest anti-African Americans terrorist organization in the Sourh.
