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8th History > Final 150 > Flashcards

Final 150 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

To find gold and riches

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

Joint stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

Tobacco saved Jamestown

The site was chosen because it was easy to defend

It didn’t grow enough food

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Governor of Jamestown for its first 2 years

Force settlers to work and explore

Strong relationship with Chief Powhatan to get corn

When he left, Jamestown suffered. The Powhatan tribe stopped providing food. The winter of 1609-1610was called “the starving time”

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Known for saving John Smith’s life and bringing some peace to British/ Native American relations after her marriage to Rolfe.

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

He learned to grow this tobacco and sold the first crop in 1614

Married Pocahontas

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Saved Jamestown

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Led people to Jamestown and set it on fire

Nathaniel Bacon

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Colony of the pilgrims

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Came to America on the Mayflower on September 1620

About 50% people died in the first winter

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

Ship pilgrims came to America on

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

A document that provided laws for the pilgrims

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

Pilgrims were led by him for over 30 years

Most famous for writing “Of Plymouth Plantation”

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

2 Native Americans who befriended some pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn,beans,squash
Also showed them how to hunt and fish
Pilgrims would not have survived without them

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who wanted to reform

Left England because they were persecuted

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

1629 puritan group

Based on the Bible

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony leader

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Taken to trial over over disagreeing with Puritans

Kicked out of Massachusetts

Formed Rhode Island

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

People accused of witchcraft and were murdered

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20
Q

William Penn

A

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania

Wrote their constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Everyone has a “inner light” to lead them to salvation

Everyone is equal in God’s eyes

Tolerance of others views

Pacifist

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refused to fight in wars or use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

Georgia

First governor

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

A religious revival that swept through the colonies

The belief grows that to God, all people are equal

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

A system where slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded

Africa, the Caribbean, and American colonies

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A

A plan to help the colonies defend themselves from the French

First political cartoon in America

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27
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

Freedom of the press

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28
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

Ohio River Valley

Fur trade

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Great Britain signs

Halted western expansion west of the Appalachians

Colonies not happy

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30
Q

The Sugar Act

A

Lowered taxes on molasses to stop smuggling

Contradicts the British law of innocent until proven guilty

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31
Q

The Stamp Act

A

Placed taxes on almost all printed material

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32
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

5 people killed

Propaganda

Fight between townspeople and British soldiers

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33
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

Sons of liberty

Response to the tea act of 1773

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34
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

Result of Boston Tea Party

Closed Harbor until the tea was paid for

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35
Q

Patrick Henry

A

” I am nay a Virginian, but an American”

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36
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

Secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation

Boycott British goods

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37
Q

John Hancock

A

First to sign the Declaration of Independence

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38
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

Published pamphlet

Colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and persecution

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39
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

July 4, 1776

Thomas Jefferson

Explains why the colonies chose to start a new nation

Philadelphia

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40
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

The war for independence

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41
Q

Loyalists

A

Torries

Loyal to Great Britain

20%

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42
Q

Patriots

A

Colonists who want to break free

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43
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

Shot heard ‘round the world

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44
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point of the war

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45
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

1777 winter

A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing or shelter for Washington and his troop

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46
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

Last major battle of American Revolution

Cornwallis surrendered

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47
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

Hero of the Battle of Saratoga

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48
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war

A

George Washington

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49
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind

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50
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

Drilled Washington’s troops

Prussia born officer

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51
Q

Francis Marion

A

Swamp Fox
Helped patriots defend the south
Father of guerrilla warfare

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52
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

A hit and run war technique

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53
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Great Britain recognized the US as a independent nation

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54
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Created a territory out of lands North of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi River

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55
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

November 1777

First Constitution

Government can’t raise taxes

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56
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Uprising of Massachusetts farmers to fight taxes on poor farmers

Revealed the need for a stronger central government

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57
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Established the model for congress used to this day

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58
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Southern states count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation

59
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A

September 17, 1787

James Madison

Supreme law of the land

60
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First 10 amendments

Created to limit the power of the government and protect the rights of the people

61
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition

62
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Right to own firearms

63
Q

4th Amendment

A

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

64
Q

5th Amendment

A

Natural rights cannot be deprived without a due process of law

65
Q

6th Amendment

A

Right to a speedy, public, trial by a impartial jury

66
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A

Legislative: law making branch

Executive: carries out the law

Judicial: interprets the law and declares laws of presidential acts unconstitutional

67
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government

Washington proves that if citizens want to change the law, do it peacefully and lawfully

68
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Washington’s secretary of treasury

Attempts to strengthen the nation’s economy

69
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Alien acts- allowed president to deport aliens

Sedition acts- a crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government

70
Q

John Sevier

A

First governor of Tennessee

71
Q

Natchez Trace

A

Important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville

72
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Landmark court case that established judicial review

First time something was declared unconstitutional

73
Q

Judicial review

A

Court can nullify actions of other branches

74
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Supreme Court case over states rights

Maryland had no right to tax the bank

75
Q

Election of 1800

A

John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson won by one

12th amendment

76
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

1803

France sells territory for $15 million

830,000 square miles

77
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Followed the Missouri River on their trip to the Pacific Ocean

Inspired people to move west and settle by sparkling a sense of adventure

78
Q

Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake

A

Cause of the war of 1812

Ended as war began

79
Q

War Hawks from the War of 1812

A

Pushed for war with Great Britain

Henry Clay

John C. Calhoun

80
Q

War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

A

British burns down the capitol and the president mansion

Attack Fort McHenry, the fort at the entrance to Baltimore harbor

Took place after the treaty was signed
January 8, 1815

81
Q

The Star Spangled Banner

A

Inspired by Fort McHenry

82
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Western Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization

Important part of American foreign policy

83
Q

Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration

A

Brought people to the US

84
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

A

The Seneca falls convention

Women’s rights

Most controversial issue at this time

85
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Change from an agrarian society to one based on industry

86
Q

Capitalism

A

Individuals put their capital into a business in hope of making a profit

87
Q

Free Enterprise System

A

People are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish

88
Q

Supply and Demand

A

Amount you have and what the people want

89
Q

Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s

A

Cotton

90
Q

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important

A

The hand crank moved the cotton to the sawtooth wheels, which pulled the fiber through wire slots, separating it from the seeds that fell into the bottom of the gin. Brushes moved the cotton and cleaned it off the sawteeth

Increased the amount of cotton produced

91
Q

Urban vs Rural

A

City

Country

92
Q

Wilderness Road

A

Route from Kentucky from Atlantic Coast

1775

Passing through easier and opened the door for more settlement

93
Q

Daniel Boone

A

He and 30 skilled foresters blazed the “ wilderness road”

This made him a long hunter

94
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

Allowed for a path to be created that made passing through the Appalachians’ easier

95
Q

The Corrupt Bargain

A

Jackson vs. Quincy Adams

Adams wins

Henry Clay agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the House of Representatives

96
Q

Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank

A

Old Hickory

The practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate supporters

Killed the bank

97
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Act passed by congress in order to relocate Native Americans

98
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma

General Winfield Scott and an army of 7,000 federal troops came to remove the Cherokee from their homes

99
Q

Sequoyah

A

Known for creating the written Cherokee language

100
Q

William Henry Harrison’s Presidency

A

Tippecanoe and Tyler too

9th president

Shortest presidency (32 days)

101
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

The belief that America should extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean

102
Q

Texas Rebellion

A

Stephen F. Austin recruited 300 families to help him settle land in Mexico

Santa Anna vs. Travis

103
Q

The Alamo – battle significance

A

Bought the Texans some much needed time

104
Q

Davy Crockett

A

Backwoods man from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo

105
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest

106
Q

James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?

A

11th president

Unexpected winner

” young hickory “

Firm believer in Manifest Destiny

107
Q

Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession

A

Polk was determined to get New Mexico and California

US- Rio Grande River

Mexico- Nueces River

108
Q

John Sutter and the California Gold Rush

A

Obtained land in California

First to discover a gold nugget on his property

Gold seekers destroyed his property

Doubled the worlds gold supply

California becomes a state

109
Q

Brigham Young

A

Led the mormons to Utah

12,000 made this trip

110
Q

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

A

Helped preserve balance between the North and South

Maine was free

Missouri was slave

111
Q

John Brown

A

Violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery

112
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad

113
Q

Underground Railroad

A

A network of escape routes out of the south for enslaved people

114
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Most well known African American abolitionist

Edited the “North Star”

1847, friends helped him buy his freedom

115
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Novel that explored the issue of slavery

116
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves in 1850

Caused more anger in the north

117
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Increased the amount of territory pen to slave holding

Popular sovereignty

118
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Became the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery

119
Q

Sumner-Brooks Incident

A

Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against those for slavery

Butler’s cousin, Rep. Preston Brooks, came into the senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane

120
Q

Raid on Harper’s Ferry

A

John Brown led 18 men on a raid to attack a weapon storage facility

Hoped to start a rebellion against slave holders

Executed of treason

Became a rallying point

121
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford

A

Slave vs. owner

Nation even more divided

Still a slave

Constitution protected slavery

122
Q

Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech

A

Senate race in Illinois that became the center of national attention

Slavery

Republican: Lincoln

Democrat: Douglass

“I believe hat this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

123
Q

Election of 1860

A

Lincoln became 16th President

Promised not to disturb slavery where it already existed

124
Q

Causes of the Civil War

A

Slavery

The south seceded

Fort Sumter

125
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861

Start of the Civil War

126
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Union side

Led to Shiloh, where a battle took place

Became 18th president

127
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Opposed slavery, but fought on the confederate side because he wouldn’t fight against his own state

128
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

Considered the most gifted tactical commanders in US History

129
Q

First Battle of Bull Run

A

First major battle

Union: Irvin McDowell

Confederate: P.G.T. Beauregard

130
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

Union would choke out the south

131
Q

54th Massachusetts

A

Most well known African American regiment

132
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg

A

Union forces are outnumbered and are forced to retreat

Pickett’s charge

Union Won

133
Q

The Battle of Vicksburg

A

Vicksburg and Gettysburg were considered the turning point of the war

134
Q

Sherman’s March to the Sea

A

General William Tecumseh Sherman led the western army towards Atlanta

After burning Atlanta they head to Savannah, Georgia

135
Q

Lee Surrendering to Grant

A

On April 9, 1865, Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia Village called Appomattox Court House

136
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery in 1865

137
Q

14th Amendment

A

Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the United States

138
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave African American men the right to vote

139
Q

Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death

A

Ford’s Theater

John Wilkes Booth

The Petersen House

140
Q

10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction

A

10 Percent Plan: forgiven

Radical Republican Plans : harsh

141
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

An agency that helped African Americans transition into freedom

142
Q

Segregation

A

Separation of the races

143
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Required whites and African Americans to be separate in all most every public place

Legal as long as it is separate and equal

144
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Largest anti African American terrorist organization in the south

8th History (16 decks)

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