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Psych 235: Intro to Cognitive Neuro > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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1
Q

types of dopamine receptors

A

D1 like: 2; excite
D2 like 3; inhibit

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2
Q

nigrostriatal path

A

substantial nigra —> striatum (basal ganglia)
parkinsons

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3
Q

norepinephrine receptors

A

A,B
all metabotropic

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4
Q

glutamate receptors

A

ionotropic:
NMDA: Ca+ channel; triggers plasticity
AMPA: Na+ channel; ESPS
also have metabotropic

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5
Q

what disease is associated with Acetylcholine?

A
  • not enough Acetylcholine
  • attention and memory
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6
Q

GABA receptors

A

ionotropic: GABA(A) Cl- channel
metabotropic: GABA(B) activates G proteins

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7
Q

GABA allosteric agonists

A
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Valium, Lorazepam
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8
Q

endogenous epioids receptors

A

delta, mu, kappa

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9
Q

when does optic nerve become optic tract?

A

LGN

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10
Q

what releases vasopressin?

A

pituitary gland

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11
Q

VLPO —->
Lateral hypothalamus —->

A
  • VLPO—> GABA —> ret. form. —> sleep
  • L.H—> orexin —> ret form. —> wake
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12
Q

GLP-1

A

stimulates insulin release
activates POMC

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13
Q

what does leptin do?

A
  • inhibits NPY
  • activates POMC
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14
Q

semaglutide

A

GLP-1 agonist

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15
Q

arcuate nucleus

A

monitors levels of hunger

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16
Q

anomia

A

cant find right word

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17
Q

hippocampus vs cortex in memory

A
  • hippocampus: helps create episodic memory
  • permanent storage across cortex
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18
Q

what connects Brocas and Wenicke’s?

A

arcuate fasiculus

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19
Q

what structure is larger in left than right brain?

A

plantum temporale

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20
Q

noetic attention

A

both inward and outward

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21
Q

Klurer-Bucy Syndrome

A
  • removal of monkey amygdala:
  • reduced fear and aggresion
  • strange food consumption
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22
Q

abulia

A

can’t make decisions because damage to anterioir circulate cortex (ACc)

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23
Q

Yoked control design

A

rat learned helplessness

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24
Q

mPFC

A

activated when we control stressors
can take our expereince and apply later

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25
Q

depression

A
  • subgenual cingulate takes up less glucose
  • immediate REM, more waking
  • reduced hippocampus volume
  • disregulated HPA
  • cortisol inhibits neurogenesis
26
Q

what area is thought to be involved with neurogenesis?

A

subranular dentate gyri in hippocampus

27
Q

inferior parietal lobe

A
  • voluntary attention
  • IPL
28
Q

superior colliculus

A

initiates motor commands

29
Q

what does shrinking do?

A

opens channels –> depolarizes

30
Q

non-primary motor cortex

A
  1. supplementary motor area: for preplanned movements
  2. premotor cortex: in reaction to external events
31
Q

noise too loud:
deprived of input:

A

loud: damage hair cells
deprived: spiral ganglion cells may die

32
Q

cornea vs lens

A

cornea: fixed transpartentthat retracts (focuses) light
lens: flexible to further retract light zoom in/out (blurring of vision)

33
Q

tapetum lucidium

A

refelctive structure back through retina, giving rods another chance to detect it

34
Q

V5 & disease

A

visual motion
akinetopsia: motion blindness

35
Q

posterior parietal lobe & disease

A

where visual info gets synthesized
hemineglect- patient unaware of 1/2 of their visual field

36
Q

V4 & disease

A

visual stimuli processing like color and brightness
achromatopia: permanent color blindness

37
Q

inferior temporal lobe

A

recognition of specific stimulus
* parahippocampas place area (PPA)- wide establishing shot scenes
* fusiform face area (FFA)- facial recognition

38
Q

propagosia

A
  • damage to FFA in inferior temporal lobe
  • can’t recognize faces
39
Q

capgrass syndrome

A
  • injury to ventral stream
  • significant figures in your life have been replaced with imposters
40
Q

bottom up
vs
top down

A

bu: receptor –> cortex
td: cortex–> thalamus

41
Q

POA vs lateral hypothalamus

A

POA- physiological responses to temp
lateral hypothalamus- behavioral regulation of temp

42
Q

narcolepsy

A

decreased orexin neurons

43
Q

sleep paralysis

A
  • dorsal pons
  • loss of muscle tension during sleep
44
Q

Claustrum Theory of Consciousness

A
  • the integrated nature of consciousness requires a “conductor” to coordinate
  • Claustrum- subcortical region that interconnects multiple coritcal and subcortical regions of forebrain (K-opioid receptors for hallucinogen salivorin-A saliva)
45
Q

what will make a drug have bigger effect at lower dosages?

A
  • fat soluble
  • more attracted to receptor site
46
Q

what NT is removed in its entirety from synapse?

A

acetylcholine by enzymatic degradation

47
Q

what does Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor do?

A
  • opens when acetylcholine binds to it
  • allows Na+ and Ca2+ into neuron –> depolarization
48
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

create fatty sheath around axons in CNS

49
Q

Schwann cells

A

provide fatty sheath for PNS

50
Q

astrocytes

A

arms contact blood vessels and make up part of the blood brain barrier

51
Q

microglia

A

defend brain by scavenging for pathogens, damaged cells, and debris

52
Q

agnosia

A
  • acquired deficit in perception
  • destruction of V1
53
Q

fragmented visual processing

A

distinct regions are specialized for specific aspects of vision

54
Q

optic chiasm

A

where axons from both nasal retinas cross midline

55
Q

opsins

A

what determine wavelength of light to which that cone is sensitive to

56
Q

depolarized vs hyperpolarized photoreceptor

A

de: release more glutamate –> off-center is on

57
Q

extrapyramidal motor system

A
  • basal ganglia and cerebellum
  • influence motor cortices via VA/VL
58
Q

phasic vs tonic receptors

A
  • phasic- display adaptation
  • tonic- response if stimuli is still there
59
Q

NAcc vs Acc

A

NAcc: motivation
Acc: empathy

60
Q
A

Psych 235: Intro to Cognitive Neuro (5 decks)

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