Final Flashcards
Equality
giving everyone the same thing
equity
giving each person what they need
covid and the elderly
- social isolation
- food insecurity
- access to vaccinations
age-friendly public health systems
- connect and convening
- coordinating
- collecting and disseminating
- communicating
- complementing and supplementing
priority populations
- elderly (65+)
- people living with disabilities
- veterans
how has cause of death changed
- past = pneumonia
- now = HD
Leading cause of death
- tobacco
tobacco
leading preventable cause of death in the United States
misuse of alcohol
- 3rd actual cause of death
- kills 140k per year
- 31% of drownings
- 32 people/day crash with drunk drivers
US standard drink sizes
- 12 oz beer
- 8 oz malt
- 5 oz wine
- 1.5 oz hard liquor
why are death rates different among race and gender
SES
SES
the most important predictor of health
- 40% determinant
Stress
a psychological and emotional state of tension that occurs when people perceive a demand is exceeding their ability to cope
psychological factors
- stress
- results from social/physical conditions of SES
- affects processing and behavior
significant indicator for increased mortality rate
lack of social support
education
informs the public about healthy and unhealthy behavior under the assumption it leads to behavioral changes
current focus of PH education
shifted from infection control to the prevention of chronic disease
why are educational approaches limited
people don’t always act rationally
why did the TRUTH campaign work?
it changed people’s perspective of the tobacco industry
obesity
the condition of being grossly fat or overweight
health risks may be ______ affected by dietary patterns and physical activity
independently
the obesity epidemic
- started in US and spread world-wide
- obesity steadily increasing since 1980s
- leads to HD, stroke, t2d, and cancer
- 173B cost annually
health risk of obesity
- apple shape is worst
- 37% men and 41% women
BMI
ratio between weight and square of their height
obese
BMI above 30
WHR
- waist to hip ratio
- more than 1 for men or .8 in women means greater risk
apple shape
higher risk of cvd
best hope to prevent adult obesity
influence childhood habits
weight loss drugs
americans spend over 20B on weight loss schemes
__-__% dieters regained all weight
30-60%
lap band
inadequate weight loss or complications
gastric bypass
long-term health issues and 10-15% failure rate
diabetes treatments with weight loss side-effect
- jardiance
- ozempic
dietary guidelines of america
- primary federal document defining healthy diet
- made by USDA and HHS
-MyPlate - emphasize fruit/veg/grains
physical activity guidelines for americans
- primary federal document defining recommended physical activity
- 6-17 = 60 min/day
- 18+ = 150/week
- reduce premature mortality risk in half
CHIP
county health improvement plan
CHNA
county health needs assessment
- looks at data and thinks about problems and decides what needs work
how to help elderly
- connect and coordinate
average american gains ___ lbs by 60th birthday
46lbs
chronic disease
conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both
Chronic disease is the ____ cause of death and disability in US
leading
- 90% annual health care expenses
risk factor
characteristic that has been statistically demonstrated to increase a person’s chance of developing a disease or being injured
____ americans live with at least one chronic disease
60%
heart disease
- below 120/80
- high risk of stroke
____ % strokes can be pervented
80%
common risk factors
- cholesterol levels
- diabetes
- diet
- family history
- high blood pressure
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- smoking
cancer
- 39% of americans affected
- will rise over next 30 years
- breast and lung most common
diabetes
- mostly in the south
- can impact body over time
7 stages of grief for chronic disease
- denial
- pleading/bargaining/desperation
- anger
- anxiety and depression
- loss of self and confusion
- re-evaluation of life, roles, and goals
- acceptance
CD _____ your risk of depression
- increase
- creates vicious cycle of pain, disability, social isolation
PH role in chronic disease
- education, access, and quality
- health care and quality
- neighborhood and built environment
- social and community context
- economic stability
