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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Equality

A

giving everyone the same thing

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2
Q

equity

A

giving each person what they need

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3
Q

covid and the elderly

A
  • social isolation
  • food insecurity
  • access to vaccinations
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4
Q

age-friendly public health systems

A
  • connect and convening
  • coordinating
  • collecting and disseminating
  • communicating
  • complementing and supplementing
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5
Q

priority populations

A
  • elderly (65+)
  • people living with disabilities
  • veterans
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6
Q

how has cause of death changed

A
  • past = pneumonia
  • now = HD
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7
Q

Leading cause of death

A
  • tobacco
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8
Q

tobacco

A

leading preventable cause of death in the United States

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9
Q

misuse of alcohol

A
  • 3rd actual cause of death
  • kills 140k per year
  • 31% of drownings
  • 32 people/day crash with drunk drivers
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10
Q

US standard drink sizes

A
  • 12 oz beer
  • 8 oz malt
  • 5 oz wine
  • 1.5 oz hard liquor
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11
Q

why are death rates different among race and gender

A

SES

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12
Q

SES

A

the most important predictor of health
- 40% determinant

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13
Q

Stress

A

a psychological and emotional state of tension that occurs when people perceive a demand is exceeding their ability to cope

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14
Q

psychological factors

A
  • stress
  • results from social/physical conditions of SES
  • affects processing and behavior
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15
Q

significant indicator for increased mortality rate

A

lack of social support

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16
Q

education

A

informs the public about healthy and unhealthy behavior under the assumption it leads to behavioral changes

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17
Q

current focus of PH education

A

shifted from infection control to the prevention of chronic disease

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18
Q

why are educational approaches limited

A

people don’t always act rationally

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19
Q

why did the TRUTH campaign work?

A

it changed people’s perspective of the tobacco industry

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20
Q

obesity

A

the condition of being grossly fat or overweight

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21
Q

health risks may be ______ affected by dietary patterns and physical activity

A

independently

22
Q

the obesity epidemic

A
  • started in US and spread world-wide
  • obesity steadily increasing since 1980s
  • leads to HD, stroke, t2d, and cancer
  • 173B cost annually
23
Q

health risk of obesity

A
  • apple shape is worst
  • 37% men and 41% women
24
Q

BMI

A

ratio between weight and square of their height

25
obese
BMI above 30
26
WHR
- waist to hip ratio - more than 1 for men or .8 in women means greater risk
27
apple shape
higher risk of cvd
28
best hope to prevent adult obesity
influence childhood habits
29
weight loss drugs
americans spend over 20B on weight loss schemes
30
__-__% dieters regained all weight
30-60%
31
lap band
inadequate weight loss or complications
32
gastric bypass
long-term health issues and 10-15% failure rate
33
diabetes treatments with weight loss side-effect
- jardiance - ozempic
34
dietary guidelines of america
- primary federal document defining healthy diet - made by USDA and HHS -MyPlate - emphasize fruit/veg/grains
35
physical activity guidelines for americans
- primary federal document defining recommended physical activity - 6-17 = 60 min/day - 18+ = 150/week - reduce premature mortality risk in half
36
CHIP
county health improvement plan
37
CHNA
county health needs assessment - looks at data and thinks about problems and decides what needs work
38
how to help elderly
- connect and coordinate
39
average american gains ___ lbs by 60th birthday
46lbs
40
chronic disease
conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both
41
Chronic disease is the ____ cause of death and disability in US
leading - 90% annual health care expenses
42
risk factor
characteristic that has been statistically demonstrated to increase a person's chance of developing a disease or being injured
43
____ americans live with at least one chronic disease
60%
44
heart disease
- below 120/80 - high risk of stroke
45
____ % strokes can be pervented
80%
46
common risk factors
- cholesterol levels - diabetes - diet - family history - high blood pressure - obesity - physical inactivity - smoking
47
cancer
- 39% of americans affected - will rise over next 30 years - breast and lung most common
48
diabetes
- mostly in the south - can impact body over time
49
7 stages of grief for chronic disease
- denial - pleading/bargaining/desperation - anger - anxiety and depression - loss of self and confusion - re-evaluation of life, roles, and goals - acceptance
50
CD _____ your risk of depression
- increase - creates vicious cycle of pain, disability, social isolation
51
PH role in chronic disease
- education, access, and quality - health care and quality - neighborhood and built environment - social and community context - economic stability

Public Health (3 decks)

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