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Public Health > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Equality

A

giving everyone the same thing

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2
Q

equity

A

giving each person what they need

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3
Q

covid and the elderly

A
  • social isolation
  • food insecurity
  • access to vaccinations
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4
Q

age-friendly public health systems

A
  • connect and convening
  • coordinating
  • collecting and disseminating
  • communicating
  • complementing and supplementing
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5
Q

priority populations

A
  • elderly (65+)
  • people living with disabilities
  • veterans
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6
Q

how has cause of death changed

A
  • past = pneumonia
  • now = HD
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7
Q

Leading cause of death

A
  • tobacco
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8
Q

tobacco

A

leading preventable cause of death in the United States

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9
Q

misuse of alcohol

A
  • 3rd actual cause of death
  • kills 140k per year
  • 31% of drownings
  • 32 people/day crash with drunk drivers
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10
Q

US standard drink sizes

A
  • 12 oz beer
  • 8 oz malt
  • 5 oz wine
  • 1.5 oz hard liquor
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11
Q

why are death rates different among race and gender

A

SES

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12
Q

SES

A

the most important predictor of health
- 40% determinant

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13
Q

Stress

A

a psychological and emotional state of tension that occurs when people perceive a demand is exceeding their ability to cope

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14
Q

psychological factors

A
  • stress
  • results from social/physical conditions of SES
  • affects processing and behavior
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15
Q

significant indicator for increased mortality rate

A

lack of social support

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16
Q

education

A

informs the public about healthy and unhealthy behavior under the assumption it leads to behavioral changes

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17
Q

current focus of PH education

A

shifted from infection control to the prevention of chronic disease

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18
Q

why are educational approaches limited

A

people don’t always act rationally

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19
Q

why did the TRUTH campaign work?

A

it changed people’s perspective of the tobacco industry

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20
Q

obesity

A

the condition of being grossly fat or overweight

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21
Q

health risks may be ______ affected by dietary patterns and physical activity

A

independently

22
Q

the obesity epidemic

A
  • started in US and spread world-wide
  • obesity steadily increasing since 1980s
  • leads to HD, stroke, t2d, and cancer
  • 173B cost annually
23
Q

health risk of obesity

A
  • apple shape is worst
  • 37% men and 41% women
24
Q

BMI

A

ratio between weight and square of their height

25
Q

obese

A

BMI above 30

26
Q

WHR

A
  • waist to hip ratio
  • more than 1 for men or .8 in women means greater risk
27
Q

apple shape

A

higher risk of cvd

28
Q

best hope to prevent adult obesity

A

influence childhood habits

29
Q

weight loss drugs

A

americans spend over 20B on weight loss schemes

30
Q

__-__% dieters regained all weight

A

30-60%

31
Q

lap band

A

inadequate weight loss or complications

32
Q

gastric bypass

A

long-term health issues and 10-15% failure rate

33
Q

diabetes treatments with weight loss side-effect

A
  • jardiance
  • ozempic
34
Q

dietary guidelines of america

A
  • primary federal document defining healthy diet
  • made by USDA and HHS
    -MyPlate
  • emphasize fruit/veg/grains
35
Q

physical activity guidelines for americans

A
  • primary federal document defining recommended physical activity
  • 6-17 = 60 min/day
  • 18+ = 150/week
  • reduce premature mortality risk in half
36
Q

CHIP

A

county health improvement plan

37
Q

CHNA

A

county health needs assessment
- looks at data and thinks about problems and decides what needs work

38
Q

how to help elderly

A
  • connect and coordinate
39
Q

average american gains ___ lbs by 60th birthday

A

46lbs

40
Q

chronic disease

A

conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both

41
Q

Chronic disease is the ____ cause of death and disability in US

A

leading
- 90% annual health care expenses

42
Q

risk factor

A

characteristic that has been statistically demonstrated to increase a person’s chance of developing a disease or being injured

43
Q

____ americans live with at least one chronic disease

A

60%

44
Q

heart disease

A
  • below 120/80
  • high risk of stroke
45
Q

____ % strokes can be pervented

A

80%

46
Q

common risk factors

A
  • cholesterol levels
  • diabetes
  • diet
  • family history
  • high blood pressure
  • obesity
  • physical inactivity
  • smoking
47
Q

cancer

A
  • 39% of americans affected
  • will rise over next 30 years
  • breast and lung most common
48
Q

diabetes

A
  • mostly in the south
  • can impact body over time
49
Q

7 stages of grief for chronic disease

A
  • denial
  • pleading/bargaining/desperation
  • anger
  • anxiety and depression
  • loss of self and confusion
  • re-evaluation of life, roles, and goals
  • acceptance
50
Q

CD _____ your risk of depression

A
  • increase
  • creates vicious cycle of pain, disability, social isolation
51
Q

PH role in chronic disease

A
  • education, access, and quality
  • health care and quality
  • neighborhood and built environment
  • social and community context
  • economic stability

Public Health (3 decks)

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