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Public Health > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

expectation of life

A

how long people will live

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2
Q

expectation of life in Us

A
  • F 82
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3
Q

expectation of life in Canada

A
  • F 85
  • M 81
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4
Q

public health

A

the science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health

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5
Q

___% of people in PH work in enviro care

A

65

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6
Q

__% people in PH work in behavioral sciene

A

16%

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7
Q

__% people in PH work in medical

A

15

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8
Q

_% people in PH work in lab science

A

3

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9
Q

_% people in PH work in epidemiology

A

1

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10
Q

prevention

A

preventing undesirable health outcomes

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11
Q

tertiary prevention

A

services and intervention for children and families where there is abuse and neglect
- damage control

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12
Q

secondary prevention

A

negative outcome happened, trying to limit the severity of the outcome
- target services for families to alleviate emerging problems and prevent escalation

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13
Q

primary prevention

A

intervening to prevent a problem from every happening
- serves and programs for entire population to provide support and education before problems occur

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14
Q

public health is not

A

health care for the poor

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15
Q

PH

A
  • community based
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16
Q

goal of PH

A

prevent disease

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17
Q

federal budget devoted to prevention

A

less than 3%

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18
Q

PH has increased life expectancy by

A

25 years

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19
Q

health care

A

individual based

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20
Q

goal of health care

A

cure illness

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21
Q

federal budget for health care

A

31%

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22
Q

health care has increased life expectancy by

A

5 years

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23
Q

biggest concern in volusia county

A

diabetes

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24
Q

ph is controversial because

A

common good vs individual responsibility
- makes decisions about whose needs are most important

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25
Q

1980s

A
  • AIDS outbreak
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26
Q

why the AIDS outbreak was so bad

A
  • no sex education
  • conservatives advocated for opposite of what happened during COVID
  • blood donations socially expected
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27
Q

__% men used condoms

A

15
- dropped when birth control pills came out

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28
Q

__% women took BC pills

A

15
- doesn’t stop disease

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29
Q

perfect storm for invasion of HIV

A
  • social repression
  • governmental apathy
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30
Q

rise of Christian right during AIDS

A

concern about society’s moral decay

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31
Q

__% Catholic do to church regularly

A

50

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32
Q

__________ people die of HIV in US each year

A

630,000

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33
Q

1990 _____ people died from sex and sharing needles

A

100K

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34
Q

Belief of gay men in 1990

A

if you can’t reproduce, you recruit

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35
Q

in 1990, believed that dying of AIDS was

A

punishment for being gay

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36
Q

jerry falwell

A

hard-right Christian push on government
- gay plague

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37
Q

Raegan elected

A

rise of modern conservative movement
- no money put to research

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38
Q

AIDS started to spread

A

angry because babies started to die of aids
- realized they couldn’t just isolate people to control it

39
Q

1800s public protection

A

living behind fortified walls in crowded conditions

40
Q

why disease increased in 1800s times

A
41
Q

waste disposal in 1800s

A

done for convenience rather than for health

42
Q

1800s thing to stop cultural practices that led to disease outbreaks

A

community rules

43
Q

why government is involved in PH

A
  • they collect taxes and have money to allocate to other places with consequences
  • based on what the states need and want
  • about control
44
Q

1700s tools for disease

A
  • quarantine
  • isolation
  • disease seen as controllable
45
Q

1800s problems

A
  • urbanization with sanitation
  • industrialization
  • cause of disease and vehicle transmission
46
Q

1800s sanitation

A

changed the way we thought about social responsibility

47
Q

Shattuck’s report

A

one of the most farsighted and influences document today
- initially controversial
- blueprint for PHS
- set up boards of health

48
Q

Who brought sanitary movement

A

Chadwick
- london used poop to pave dirt roads
- cholera

49
Q

now PHS is about

A

breaking disease patterns

50
Q

boundary between

A

medicine and public health

51
Q

us constitution does not include

A

the word health

52
Q

laws not mentioned in constitution_____

A

deferred to state

53
Q

general welfare

A

how federal government got into FDA
- can only regulate food that crosses state boarders
- government concern for health, safety, and peace for people

54
Q

branches of federal government

A
  • legislative = makes the laws
  • executive = carries out laws
  • judicial = evaluates/interprets laws
55
Q

public health functions

A
  • assessment
  • policy development
  • assurance
56
Q

assessment

A

collecting and analyzing NUMBERS
- death and birth certificate
- monitor health
- diagnose and invetigate

57
Q

assurance

A

analyzing effectiveness
- competent workforce
- link to services
- enforce laws
- evaluate

58
Q

policy development

A
  • write policies
  • inform, educate, and empower
  • mobilize community
  • develop policies
59
Q

international public health

A
  • agency of united nations
  • public health’s global community organizer
60
Q

surgeon general

A
  • US public health service
  • protect boarders
  • emergency response
  • spokes person for PH
  • vice admiral Murphy
61
Q

centralized

A

state-controlled

62
Q

decentralized

A

overlapping jurisdictions between state, country, city

63
Q

state HD

A
  • regulation and enforcement vary
64
Q

_____ decide how money is going to flow

A

politicians

65
Q

NGO

A
  • not direct service
  • funding, attention
66
Q

____ established that we needed public health preparedness

A

9/11

67
Q

disaster

A

A sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss or destruction

68
Q

FEMA disaster

A

a natural catastrophe regardless of the cause or a fire, explosion, or flood within the US that the President has claimed it was a disaster
- President has to declare it a disaster

69
Q

PH role in disasters

A
  • minimize death and injuries
  • prevent disease outbreaks and illnesses
  • ensure safe housing and facilities for impacted people
70
Q

predictable disasters

A
  • know they will happen but not when
  • hurricanes
  • fires
  • floods
  • earthquakes
71
Q

3 primary disaster prevention roles

A
  • mitigation
  • preparedness
  • recovery
72
Q

mitigation

A

reduce vulnerabilities and strengthen society’s ability to withstand or reduce vulnerability

73
Q

preparedness

A

make a plan

74
Q

recovery

A

trying to get the PH infrastructure back to it’s normal place

75
Q

strategic national stockpile

A
  • secret locations that store things for disasters
  • viles of smallpox vaccines
  • biomed supplies
  • need to get to site in 12 hours
  • can set up a hospital in 24 hours
76
Q

EPA

A
  • sewage
  • water
  • air
77
Q

FDA

A
  • medical devices
  • tattoo ink
78
Q

CDC

A

pure assessment and policy development

79
Q

NIH

A

all research in US that is PH related

80
Q

_____ lead for disaster response

A

PH

81
Q

latency

A

exposed to infectious

82
Q

incubation

A

exposed to disease (symptoms)

83
Q

period of communicability

A

can infect others

84
Q

3 important Ws

A
  • when
  • who
  • where
85
Q

prevalence

A

cases at one point in time

86
Q

incidence

A

new cases over a period of time

87
Q

_____ will increase when people with disease can survive longer

A

prevalence

88
Q

types of epi studies

A
  • intervention
  • cohort
  • case-control
89
Q

intervention study

A
  • not performed by epi
  • experimental and control group
  • watch over time and compare
  • Aspirin to prevent heart disease
90
Q

cohort study

A
  • when doing intervention study unethical or too difficult
  • get large number of people, collect exposure, track outcomes
  • Nurses’ Health Study
91
Q

how cohort is different from intervention

A

people get to choose their own exposures

92
Q

case-control study

A
  • faster and cheaper
  • least accurate
  • with people who already have the disease vs healthy people
  • ask both groups previous exposures
93
Q

sources of error

A
  • instrumental
  • environmental
  • procedural
  • human

Public Health (3 decks)

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