Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
expectation of life
A
how long people will live
2
Q
expectation of life in Us
A
- F 82
3
Q
expectation of life in Canada
A
- F 85
- M 81
4
Q
public health
A
the science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health
5
Q
___% of people in PH work in enviro care
A
65
6
Q
__% people in PH work in behavioral sciene
A
16%
7
Q
__% people in PH work in medical
A
15
8
Q
_% people in PH work in lab science
A
3
9
Q
_% people in PH work in epidemiology
A
1
10
Q
prevention
A
preventing undesirable health outcomes
11
Q
tertiary prevention
A
services and intervention for children and families where there is abuse and neglect
- damage control
12
Q
secondary prevention
A
negative outcome happened, trying to limit the severity of the outcome
- target services for families to alleviate emerging problems and prevent escalation
13
Q
primary prevention
A
intervening to prevent a problem from every happening
- serves and programs for entire population to provide support and education before problems occur
14
Q
public health is not
A
health care for the poor
15
Q
PH
A
- community based
16
Q
goal of PH
A
prevent disease
17
Q
federal budget devoted to prevention
A
less than 3%
18
Q
PH has increased life expectancy by
A
25 years
19
Q
health care
A
individual based
20
Q
goal of health care
A
cure illness
21
Q
federal budget for health care
A
31%
22
Q
health care has increased life expectancy by
A
5 years
23
Q
biggest concern in volusia county
A
diabetes
24
Q
ph is controversial because
A
common good vs individual responsibility
- makes decisions about whose needs are most important
25
1980s
- AIDS outbreak
26
why the AIDS outbreak was so bad
- no sex education
- conservatives advocated for opposite of what happened during COVID
- blood donations socially expected
27
__% men used condoms
15
- dropped when birth control pills came out
28
__% women took BC pills
15
- doesn't stop disease
29
perfect storm for invasion of HIV
- social repression
- governmental apathy
30
rise of Christian right during AIDS
concern about society's moral decay
31
__% Catholic do to church regularly
50
32
__________ people die of HIV in US each year
630,000
33
1990 _____ people died from sex and sharing needles
100K
34
Belief of gay men in 1990
if you can't reproduce, you recruit
35
in 1990, believed that dying of AIDS was
punishment for being gay
36
jerry falwell
hard-right Christian push on government
- gay plague
37
Raegan elected
rise of modern conservative movement
- no money put to research
38
AIDS started to spread
angry because babies started to die of aids
- realized they couldn't just isolate people to control it
39
1800s public protection
living behind fortified walls in crowded conditions
40
why disease increased in 1800s times
residents brought rural life to city
-
41
waste disposal in 1800s
done for convenience rather than for health
42
1800s thing to stop cultural practices that led to disease outbreaks
community rules
43
why government is involved in PH
- they collect taxes and have money to allocate to other places with consequences
- based on what the states need and want
- about control
44
1700s tools for disease
- quarantine
- isolation
- disease seen as controllable
45
1800s problems
- urbanization with sanitation
- industrialization
- cause of disease and vehicle transmission
46
1800s sanitation
changed the way we thought about social responsibility
47
Shattuck's report
one of the most farsighted and influences document today
- initially controversial
- blueprint for PHS
- set up boards of health
48
Who brought sanitary movement
Chadwick
- london used poop to pave dirt roads
- cholera
49
now PHS is about
breaking disease patterns
50
boundary between
medicine and public health
51
us constitution does not include
the word health
52
laws not mentioned in constitution_____
deferred to state
53
general welfare
how federal government got into FDA
- can only regulate food that crosses state boarders
- government concern for health, safety, and peace for people
54
branches of federal government
- legislative = makes the laws
- executive = carries out laws
- judicial = evaluates/interprets laws
55
public health functions
- assessment
- policy development
- assurance
56
assessment
collecting and analyzing NUMBERS
- death and birth certificate
- monitor health
- diagnose and invetigate
57
assurance
analyzing effectiveness
- competent workforce
- link to services
- enforce laws
- evaluate
58
policy development
- write policies
- inform, educate, and empower
- mobilize community
- develop policies
59
international public health
- agency of united nations
- public health's global community organizer
60
surgeon general
- US public health service
- protect boarders
- emergency response
- spokes person for PH
- vice admiral Murphy
61
centralized
state-controlled
62
decentralized
overlapping jurisdictions between state, country, city
63
state HD
- regulation and enforcement vary
64
_____ decide how money is going to flow
politicians
65
NGO
- not direct service
- funding, attention
66
____ established that we needed public health preparedness
9/11
67
disaster
A sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss or destruction
68
FEMA disaster
a natural catastrophe regardless of the cause or a fire, explosion, or flood within the US that the President has claimed it was a disaster
- President has to declare it a disaster
69
PH role in disasters
- minimize death and injuries
- prevent disease outbreaks and illnesses
- ensure safe housing and facilities for impacted people
70
predictable disasters
- know they will happen but not when
- hurricanes
- fires
- floods
- earthquakes
71
3 primary disaster prevention roles
- mitigation
- preparedness
- recovery
72
mitigation
reduce vulnerabilities and strengthen society’s ability to withstand or reduce vulnerability
73
preparedness
make a plan
74
recovery
trying to get the PH infrastructure back to it's normal place
75
strategic national stockpile
- secret locations that store things for disasters
- viles of smallpox vaccines
- biomed supplies
- need to get to site in 12 hours
- can set up a hospital in 24 hours
76
EPA
- sewage
- water
- air
77
FDA
- medical devices
- tattoo ink
78
CDC
pure assessment and policy development
79
NIH
all research in US that is PH related
80
_____ lead for disaster response
PH
81
latency
exposed to infectious
82
incubation
exposed to disease (symptoms)
83
period of communicability
can infect others
84
3 important Ws
- when
- who
- where
85
prevalence
cases at one point in time
86
incidence
new cases over a period of time
87
_____ will increase when people with disease can survive longer
prevalence
88
types of epi studies
- intervention
- cohort
- case-control
89
intervention study
- not performed by epi
- experimental and control group
- watch over time and compare
- Aspirin to prevent heart disease
90
cohort study
- when doing intervention study unethical or too difficult
- get large number of people, collect exposure, track outcomes
- Nurses' Health Study
91
how cohort is different from intervention
people get to choose their own exposures
92
case-control study
- faster and cheaper
- least accurate
- with people who already have the disease vs healthy people
- ask both groups previous exposures
93
sources of error
- instrumental
- environmental
- procedural
- human
