Final Flashcards
Compare Electronegativity of N, O , C , H , S
O>N>C~S~P~H
Ionic Bond
electrons not shared
Non polar Covalent
electrons shared equally
Polar Covalent
electrons shared unequally
Hydrogen Bonds
- weak electrical attraction
- no electron sharing
- weaker than covalent and ionic
- H and NOF
`Draw two water molecules and label all polar covalent and hydrogen bonds
H-O-H
How will water interact with a given molecule?
good solvent
many molecules can dissolve in water because they form hydrogen bonds with water
Hydrophobic
naturally repel water
- non polar side chains
Hydrophilic
naturally attracted to water
- polar side chains
5 functional groups
amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, methyl
Proteins
- composed of amino acids
- 50 or more amino acids
4 levels of structure for proteins
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
Primary Structure
unique sequence of amino acids
- mutations in primary can affect protein function
Secondary Structure
3-D form of short amino acid sequences created by hydrogen bonding
- depends on primary structure
- a helix
- b pleated sheet
Tertiary Structure
3-D form of proteins
- interactions between R-groups of amino acids that are far from each other
- hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds
- very diverse
Quaternary Structure
2 or more proteins form a complex
- same bonds as tertiary
Protein Folding
formation of tertiary and quaternary structure by proteins
- often spontaneous
- can be regulated
depends on
- primary structure
- temp
Macromolecules
large complex molecules
Nucleic Acids are made up of
monomers called nucleiotides
Complimentary Pairings
A-T
C-G
DNA’s Secondary Structure
two antiparallel strands twist into double helix
Is DNA stable?
yes
Difference between RNA and DNA
RNA:
- uses uracil
- contains ribose
DNA:
- uses thymine
- contains deoxyribose
RNA can…
- function as a catalytic molecules
