Final

Question 1

What is intelligence?

Answer 1

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
- however, there are several factors; it’s hard to define, no concensus

Question 2

Spearman’s Intelligence

Answer 2

One general intelligence
- ungle understanding trait factor analysis – g-factor
- statistical cluster of related variables

Question 3

Thurstone Intelligence

Answer 3

builds off of Spearman
- primary mental abilities

Question 4

Cattell–Horn Intelligence

Answer 4

took Thurstone’s mental abilities to 2 factors
- fluid intelligence (GF)
- Crystallized intelligence (GC)

Question 5

What is GF

Answer 5

Fluid Intelligence
- ability to reason speedily and abstractly when solving logic problems

Question 6

What is GC?

Answer 6

Crystallized Intelligence
- accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocab and applied skills

Question 7

Cattell Horn Carroll Theory

Answer 7

affirmed general intellectual ability
- many abilities comprise intelligence
(still limited because based on academic smarts)
- GF and GC act as a bridge, fill in gaps/interact

Question 8

What is Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Answer 8

8 indepdne t intelligences
- ppl inhibit different ones
- learning styles in school
multiple abilities that come in different packages

Question 9

What are the 8 independent intelligences?

Answer 9

Naturalist
Linguistic
Logical–Mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Bodily–Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
(9th existenial)

Question 10

What is Savant Syndrome? What does it tell us?

Answer 10

• people who have brilliance but score low on intelligence tests and have low -no language abilities
• tells us that some people can solve complicated calculations quickly, but can’t put on buttons
• may also have autisim, neurodevelopmental disorder

Question 11

Sternberg’s Intelligence

Answer 11

triarchic theory proposes three intelligences
- Analytical
- Practical
-CReative

Question 12

What is the general intelligence factor?

Answer 12

g-matters
- it predicts performance on various complex tasks and in various jobs

Question 13

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 13

Usually socially and self aware
- not much evidence for EI (compared to g)
- worries that it stretches too far

4 key elements:
- percieving emotions
- managing emotions
- understanding emotions
- using emotions

Question 14

What is heritability?

Answer 14

the proportion of variation among individuals in a GROUp that we can attribute to genes. the heridability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of pipulations and environments studied
- why people in a group differ from one another

Question 15

What do twins tell us about nature and nurture of intelligence?

Answer 15

• Identical twins share the same mental abilities
• “smart genes”
• but environment does have an influence
• similarities continue to increase with age

Question 16

What does believing intelligence is changeable foster?

Answer 16

Growth Mindset, a focus on learning and growing rather than seeing abilities as fixed
- makes more resilient

Question 17

What is validity?

Answer 17

• extent to which test measures or predicts what is supposed to

Question 18

What is reliability?

Answer 18

The extent to which a test yields consistent results as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting

Question 19

What is predictive validity?

Answer 19

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

• assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Question 20

What is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 20

research that compares people of diff ages at the same point in time

Question 21

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 21

research that follows and retests the same people over time

Question 22

Why is the heritability of finger number low and not high?

Answer 22

heritability is a fraction
- numerator: diffs between people due to genetics
- denominator: ^^ ditto + environment

due to accidents, it’s low!
- not the same thing as genetically determined

Question 23

different types of validity

Answer 23

predictive validity
- ur measure can predict future behavior
- concurrent validity, predict scores on another measure that it should correlate with
- construct validity,

Question 24

What is the mean of the SAT?
And what is one SD?

Answer 24

500
- 100

Question 25

What is personality?

Answer 25

individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 26

What is the Barnum Effect?

Answer 26

saying things you can say to anyone; example horoscope

Question 27

Thematic Apperception test

Answer 27

people narrate an image

Question 28

Projective Personality Tests

Answer 28

structured unstructured images; so like ink blobs

Question 29

Illusory Correlation

Answer 29

see a relationship that isnt actually there, draw a person
clinicians report nonexistent associations, quite subjective

Question 30

trait theory

Answer 30

underlying stable attributes
Big 5 OCEAN
- openness, intellectually too
conscientiousnsness
extraverson
agreeableness
neuroticism, emotionally unstable

Question 31

What does it mean if you have stamp in ur wallet?

Answer 31

conscientious

Question 32

What does it mean if its important to sit in the aisle

Answer 32

neurotic

Question 33

Challenge to traits

Answer 33

THEY HAVE LOW CONSISTENCY
poor cross-situational consistency
fundamental attribution error