Final Flashcards
What is intelligence?
ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
- however, there are several factors; it’s hard to define, no concensus
Spearman’s Intelligence
One general intelligence
- ungle understanding trait factor analysis – g-factor
- statistical cluster of related variables
Thurstone Intelligence
builds off of Spearman
- primary mental abilities
Cattell–Horn Intelligence
took Thurstone’s mental abilities to 2 factors
- fluid intelligence (GF)
- Crystallized intelligence (GC)
What is GF
Fluid Intelligence
- ability to reason speedily and abstractly when solving logic problems
What is GC?
Crystallized Intelligence
- accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocab and applied skills
Cattell Horn Carroll Theory
affirmed general intellectual ability
- many abilities comprise intelligence
(still limited because based on academic smarts)
- GF and GC act as a bridge, fill in gaps/interact
What is Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences?
8 indepdne t intelligences
- ppl inhibit different ones
- learning styles in school
multiple abilities that come in different packages
What are the 8 independent intelligences?
Naturalist
Linguistic
Logical–Mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Bodily–Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
(9th existenial)
What is Savant Syndrome? What does it tell us?
- people who have brilliance but score low on intelligence tests and have low -no language abilities
- tells us that some people can solve complicated calculations quickly, but can’t put on buttons
- may also have autisim, neurodevelopmental disorder
Sternberg’s Intelligence
triarchic theory proposes three intelligences
- Analytical
- Practical
-CReative
What is the general intelligence factor?
g-matters
- it predicts performance on various complex tasks and in various jobs
Emotional Intelligence
Usually socially and self aware
- not much evidence for EI (compared to g)
- worries that it stretches too far
4 key elements:
- percieving emotions
- managing emotions
- understanding emotions
- using emotions
What is heritability?
the proportion of variation among individuals in a GROUp that we can attribute to genes. the heridability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of pipulations and environments studied
- why people in a group differ from one another
What do twins tell us about nature and nurture of intelligence?
- Identical twins share the same mental abilities
- “smart genes”
- but environment does have an influence
- similarities continue to increase with age
What does believing intelligence is changeable foster?
Growth Mindset, a focus on learning and growing rather than seeing abilities as fixed
- makes more resilient
What is validity?
- extent to which test measures or predicts what is supposed to
What is reliability?
The extent to which a test yields consistent results as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting
What is predictive validity?
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
- assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
What is a cross-sectional study?
research that compares people of diff ages at the same point in time
What is a longitudinal study?
research that follows and retests the same people over time
Why is the heritability of finger number low and not high?
heritability is a fraction
- numerator: diffs between people due to genetics
- denominator: ^^ ditto + environment
due to accidents, it’s low!
- not the same thing as genetically determined
different types of validity
predictive validity
- ur measure can predict future behavior
- concurrent validity, predict scores on another measure that it should correlate with
- construct validity,
What is the mean of the SAT?
And what is one SD?
500
- 100
What is personality?
individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
What is the Barnum Effect?
saying things you can say to anyone; example horoscope
Thematic Apperception test
people narrate an image
Projective Personality Tests
structured unstructured images; so like ink blobs
Illusory Correlation
see a relationship that isnt actually there, draw a person
clinicians report nonexistent associations, quite subjective
trait theory
underlying stable attributes
Big 5 OCEAN
- openness, intellectually too
conscientiousnsness
extraverson
agreeableness
neuroticism, emotionally unstable
What does it mean if you have stamp in ur wallet?
conscientious
What does it mean if its important to sit in the aisle
neurotic
Challenge to traits
THEY HAVE LOW CONSISTENCY
poor cross-situational consistency
fundamental attribution error
