FINAL

Question 1

Goniometer Landmarks (Knee Joint)

Answer 1

Fulcrum: lateral femoral condyle
Stationary: greater trochanter
Moving: lateral malleolus

Question 2

Goniometer Landmarks (Hip Flexion)

Answer 2

Fulcrum: greater trochanter
Stationary: midline of pelvis
Moving: lateral femoral condyle

Question 3

Goniometer Landmarks (Hip Abduction)

Answer 3

Fulcrum: ASIS
Stationary: other ASIS
Moving: midline of patella

Question 4

Manual Muscle Testing Grades

Answer 4

0- no contraction
1- visible contraction (no movement)
2- full ROM (without gravity)
3- full ROM (against gravity)
4- full ROM (mod resistance)
5- full ROM (max resistance)

Question 5

Therapeutic Exercise

Answer 5

-performance of planned physical movements/posture/activities

Question 6

ROM

Answer 6

arc of movement at a given joint

Question 7

Types of ROM + example

Answer 7

1. Active ROM- no help (ex. lift arm above head)
2. Active-Assisted ROM- therapist or device (stick/pulley)
3. Passive ROM- pt. completely relaxed, therapist moving

Question 8

Why do we use electrical current?`

Answer 8

-pain relief
-muscle strengthening
-medication delivery

Question 9

what is the goal for TENS?

Answer 9

ONLY for pain

Question 10

What is the goal for IFC?

Answer 10

-pain relief AND reduce swelling/inflammation

Question 11

How does Cryotherapy work?

Answer 11

1. Hemodynamic Effect
   -constrict blood vessels in area
2. Neuromuscular Effect
   -reduces speed of AP carried down axon
   -reduces pain/tightness of muscle
3. Metabolic Effect
   -slows down rate of inflammation around injury

Question 12

How does Heat therapy work?

Answer 12

1. Hemodynamic Effect
   -increase in circulation
2. Neuromuscular Effect
   -speeds up AP rate
   -increase in muscle strength
3. Increase metabolic rate
   -tissue heals faster
4. increase tissue extensibility
   -muscle moves easier/further

Question 13

Difference between heat & cold

Answer 13

HEAT- decreases pain, muscle spasms, & joint stiffness
ICE- decreases pain, inflammation, muscle spasm, blood flow, nerve speed, metabolic rate, soft tissue extensibility

Question 14

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 14

-force of water pushing against body
-helps to bring down swelling in extemities

Question 15

Types of Stretching + when it should be done

Answer 15

1. Static
   -isolate the muscle you are stretching
   -moving slowing through movement + hold
   -After warm up/workout
2. Ballistic
   -repetitive bouncing when stretching
   -NEVER do it
3. Dynamic
   -gradual increase in speed/length of muscle movement
   -BEFORE workout/exercise

Question 16

Valsalva Maneuver

Answer 16

-holding breath

Question 17

FITT Principle

Answer 17

F- frequency (how often)
I- intensity (amount of load)
T- type (what kind)
T- time (prescribed reps/sets/rest)

Question 18

What muscles go first in seniors?

Answer 18

-back & legs

Question 19

How much rest between sets for moderate exercise?

Answer 19

2-3 minutes

Question 20

Exercise Prescription for an ACUTE injury

Answer 20

Frequency: low reps
Intensity: low weight
Time: lots of rest between sets
Type: open chain; isometric THEN concentric

Question 21

Core Stability vs muscle

Answer 21

• can have a lot of muscle but poor stability