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human anatomy > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

PNS divisions

A

Sensory nervous system and motor nervous system

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2
Q

what is the sensory nervous system

A

contains receptors
transmits info from receptors to the CNS

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3
Q

what is the motor nervous system

A

transmits infom from CNS to the rest of the body

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4
Q

what does the SNS contain

A

somatic sensory and visceral sensory

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5
Q

what sensory info does somatic receive

A

from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscles, special senses

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6
Q

what sensory info does visceral receive

A

from viscera

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7
Q

what does MNS contain

A

somatic motor and autonomic motor

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8
Q

what is somatic motor

A

“voluntary” innvervates skeletal muscle

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9
Q

what is autonomic motor

A

“involuntary” innvervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

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10
Q

what 2 divisions does autonomic motor have

A

parasympathetic - rest and digest
sympathetic - fight or flight

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11
Q

what are the steps of the function of nervous system

A

sensory input - integration - motor output

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12
Q

explain neuroglia or glial cells

A

functions vary but provide supportive scaffolding to neurons
processes and cell bodies but much smaller size
10 times as many neuroglia as neurons

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13
Q

what are the glial cells in CNS

A

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

what are the glial cells in PNS

A

satellite cells, schwann cells

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15
Q

explain astrocyte

A

most abundant CNS glial cells
highly branched
cling to neurons and capillaries
support and brace neurons
anchor neurons to blood supply
control chemical environment around neuron
helps in info processing in brain

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16
Q

explain microglia

A

small and oval
thorny processes
processes touch neurons
monitor health of neurons
protection

17
Q

explain ependymal cells

A

squamous or columnar
some ciliated
line central cavaties of brain and spinal column
separates CNS interstitial fluid from cerebrospinal fluid
circulates cerebrospinal fluid

18
Q

explain oligodendrocytes

A

fewer processes
line up along thicker neuron fibres (axons)
wrap processes around neuron fibres to form myelin sheath

19
Q

explain satellite cells and schwann cells

A

satellite surronds PNS neuron cell bodies
similar to astrocytes in CNS

schwann surrounds larger nerve fibres (axons) in PNS
form myelin sheaths
vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibres

20
Q

what is neurons

A

are “nerve cells”
structural units of the nervous system
conduct info throughout body

extreme longevity
amitotic (Cell division)
very high metabolic rate

21
Q

explain cell body

A

clusters called nuclei (CNS) or ganglia (PNS)
contains nucleus and mitochondria

22
Q

processes of neurons are also what

A

dendrites
bundles called tracts (CNS) or nerves (PNS)

23
Q

axon terminals are at the end of what

A

terminal branches

24
Q

myelin is made of what

A

protein-lipoid sheath

25
Q

what is protein-lipoid sheath made and what does it do

A

made created by Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS)
protects and electrically insulates the axon
increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission

26
Q

what are nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheath where axonal membrane is exposed
allows for saltatory conduction

27
Q

principles of electricity

A

opposite charges attract each other
energy is required to separate opposite charges across a membrane
energy is liberated when the charges move toward one another
if separated, the system has potential energy

28
Q

voltage definition

A

measure of potential energy generated

29
Q

potential difference

A

voltage measured between 2 points

30
Q

current

A

flow of electric charge between 2 points

31
Q

resistance (R)

A

hindrance to charge flow

32
Q

what are 2 types of ion channels

A

leakage (non-gated) and gated

33
Q

explain chemically gated ion channels

A

open when the appropriate neurotransmitter binds to the receptor, allowing movement

34
Q

explain voltage gated channels

A

open and close in response to changes in membrane voltage

human anatomy (8 decks)

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