Final Flashcards
Which NSAID do we typically send home after a spay/neuter procedure?
Metacam
What reasons do we have to NOT make an animal vomit after eating something they shouldn’t have?
Ate something sharp - cause trauma coming back up, ate something corrosive - burns tissue as it comes back up, if it has been longer than 4h since ingestion, if the animal is unconscious, animal is seizing, the animal can’t swallow
If an owner calls suspecting GDV in their dog, what questions do we ask to triage this case?
When did it happen? Is dog vomiting productively - what does vomit contain? or retching unproductively? Is animal still eating/drinking? How is their energy - still playing?
What types of pain medications do we typically use in surgery to ensure our approach is multi-modal?
NSAID’s, Opioids, local blocks
What opioid do we commonly use in premedication cocktails that can also make a patient vomit?
Hydromorphone
What side effects are most common with NSAID’s in small and large animal medicine?
Small animal - Kidney damage/ GI upset + ulceration
Large animal - Laminitis/ GI upset + ulceration
How would you instruct an owner on applying transdermal medication to their pets’ ear?
Wear gloves/ wash hands after application/ alternate ear between each use/ wash ear with water to remove build up before use/ apply to inside of pinna where there is no hair
Why do we give NSAID’s and Antibiotics with food?
Decreases the irritation to the stomach lining, decreases feelings of nausea, reduces V/D
Why do antibiotics cause nausea/vomiting/diarrhea?
Directly irritates the stomach lining, kills off beneficial bacteria as well as pathogenic bacteria they were prescribed for
If an animal is being sent home with an oral powder that has a bad taste, how can we advise the owner to give it at home?
Mix into a small amount of wet food or treat, make sure they eat the portion of food that is medicated before allowing them to eat rest of dinner, use enticing options like peanut butter/cheese whiz/ meat etc.
How do we perform the counted method of surgical hand-scrubbing?
Use bristles to scrub under fingernails - 10 times/ 10 strokes on every fingers’ surface/ 10 strokes on palm and back side of hand/ 10 strokes on forearms 2” from the elbow
What is the purpose of the dirty prep and how long must it sit on the skin?
To remove dirt/debris/loose hairs, must be left on skin for 1-2 minutes
What common catheter type and placement on the patient is most adequate for surgical induction, IV fluids, and administration of emergency medications?
Over-the-needle catheter in the Cephalic vein
What is the function of DES (Diethyl-Stilbestol), and what precautions must be taken when handling?
DES = estrogen based medication to help reduce urinary incontinence in (usually spayed) female dogs. Gloves must be worn to prevent drug from being absorbed across the skin barrier. Dogs spayed too early have a higher risk of developing urinary incontinence
Which species do anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) drugs work more effectively for, dogs or cats?
Dogs - cats don’t typically respond as well to anti-emetics
What commonly prescribed drug works to treat seizures in dogs and cats? Is this drug controlled?
Phenobarbital - yes this is a controlled drug as it has potential for abuse by humans
Why is it important to give pain medications before the onset of pain has begun?
To prevent the animal from feeling the full degree of pain so they can recover better
What drug do we use to treat which type of thyroid condition in dogs, and how is this different from cats?
Dogs typically become Hypothyroid (low thyroid hormone production) which is treated with Thyro-tabs (levothyroxine)
Cats typically become Hyperthyroid (high thyroid hormone production) which is treated with Tapazole (Methimazole)
What combination of screening tools and diagnostic testing are typically needed to determine why a patient is vomiting?
Bloodwork - check organ function/electrolyte levels, and radiographs - check for foreign body or masses
What drug would be prescribe if we needed to coat an animal’s stomach to protect from ulceration?
Sucralfate liquid
What drug induces vomiting in dogs, helping us in cases where they ingest something toxic like chocolate?
Apo-morphine
If we suspect an animal has a foreign body and need to assess their GI tract, what liquid can we give them that shows up bright white on x-ray?
Barrium
What antibiotic is typically prescribed for Giardia, IBD, or bacterial overgrowth resulting in diarrhea?
Metronidazole
What drug do we prescribe to stop vomiting, and acts as a very powerful anti-nauseant?
Cerenia
If an animal eats something they shouldn’t, and it is too late to induce vomiting, what can we administer to bind to the toxins in the GI tract?
Activated Charcoal
This drug is a great laxative powder that is odorless, tasteless and can easily be combined with food
PEG (Restoralax)
Why is it important to do PSBW before most procedures?
Check for:
RBC count - can indicate anemia
Platelet count - can the patient clot?
WBC count - infection present?
Chemistry - overview of organ function
How have anesthetic deaths decreased in recent years?
Newer + safer drugs/ prescreening for health issues/ multi-modal pain therapies
Why do we place IV catheters and use IV fluids in surgery?
Direct IV access for administering emergency drugs if needed/ maintaining hydration/ maintaining ideal blood pressure/ flush out drugs and anesthetic from body for faster recovery
What is the difference between endogenous and exogenous contamination, and what are examples of each?
-Endogenous – comes from the patient ex. Respiratory bacteria, dormant infection, abscess
-Exogenous – comes from the environment ex. Device, personnel, surface, vector
What type of imaging technology allows us to examine soft tissues with the most detail?
Ultrasound
List 3 locations on the body where we listen to heartbeats
Thorax - right side, left side, sternum
What is the function of Insulin?
Allows glucose to move from the bloodstream into the cells for energy.
What drug can be used to increased contractions within the colon, helping to relieve constipation?
Cisapride
What is a DIN?
Is an eight-digit number assigned by Health Canada to a drug product prior to being marketed in Canada.
It uniquely identifies all drug products sold in a dosage form in Canada
