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Chem 4 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

properties of metals

A

-occupy left side of of the periodic table

-good conductors of heat/electricity

-malleable (can be pounded into flat sheets)

-ductility: they can be drawn into wires

-are often shiny

  • lose electrons when they undergo chemical reactions
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2
Q

Nonmetals

A

occupies upper right side of periodic table

-some are solids at room temperature
-some are gases at room temperature
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-gains electrons when undergoing chemical reactions

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3
Q

metalloids

A

elements that fall along the boundary between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table

-intermediate between metals and no metals
-semiconductors

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4
Q

noble gases

A

odorless, colorless, nonflammable, and monotonic gases that have low chemical reactivity.

Group 8A

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5
Q

Alkali metals

A

Group 1A

very reactive metals

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6
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2A

A

fairly reactive

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7
Q

Halogens Group 7A

A

very reactive nonmetals

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8
Q

ions

A

atoms that gain or lose an electron

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9
Q

cations

A

positively charged ions

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10
Q

anions

A

negatively charged ions

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11
Q

isotopes

A

atoms with same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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12
Q

mass number

A

protons + neutrons

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13
Q

percent natural abundance

A

the percentage amount of each isotope of an element in a naturally occurring sample of the element

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14
Q

elements

A

cannot be broken down further

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15
Q

compounds

A

a substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed/ definite proportions

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16
Q

homogeneous

A

consistent composition

17
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

not consistent throughout

18
Q

What is matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

19
Q

What is matter composed of?

A

Atoms
- fundamental building blocks

20
Q

What are the states of matter

A

solid liquid gas

21
Q

what are the two types of solid matter

A

crystalline- atoms and molecules arranged in geometric patterns (salt, diamond)

amorphous: atoms do not have long-range repeating pattern *rubber, glass, plastic

22
Q

What are the properties of solids

A

atoms close together, fixed volume, rigid shape, incompressible

23
Q

what are the properities of liquids

A

atoms close to each other but free to move around, fixed volume, assumes the shape of the container, incompressible

24
Q

what are the properties of gas

A

atoms are separated by large spaces, assume the volume and shape of their containers, compressible

25
Q

what is a pure substance

A

composed of one type of element or molecule

may be an element or compound

26
Q

what is a mixture

A

composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules in variable proposition, not chemically bonded

27
Q

physical property

A

a change displayed that doesn’t change composition (density, odor, taste, appearance, melting point, boiling point)

28
Q

chemical property

A

a composition change (corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity P_

29
Q

Main-group elements

A

properities are predictable based on their position in the periodic table

30
Q

Transition metals

A

properties that are less easily predictable

31
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. Each element is composed of indestructible particles called atoms
  2. All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements
  3. Atoms combine in simply, whole-number ratios to form compounds
32
Q

how to calculate ion charge

A

of protons – # of electrons

33
Q

how to calculate atomic mass

A

number of p + # of neutrons

34
Q

If an ionic compound is soluble and added to a solvent, what will happen?

A

the ionic compound will break apart into ions
solution will be able to conduct electricity
solvent concentration of ions will be higher than the solution concentration that is given for the ionic compound

Chem 4 (7 decks)

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