Final

Question 1

Lab value for osmolality

Answer 1

285-295

Question 2

Lab value for sodium

Answer 2

136-145

Question 3

Lab value for potassium

Answer 3

3.5-5

Question 4

Lab value for chloride

Answer 4

95-105

Question 5

Lab value for total CO2

Answer 5

22-30

Question 6

Lab value for bicarbonate (arterial and venous)

Answer 6

Arterial: 21-28
Venous: 24-30

Question 7

Lab value for total calcium

Answer 7

9-10.5

Question 8

Lab value for ionized calcium

Answer 8

4.5-5.6

Question 9

Lab value for magnesium

Answer 9

1.3-2.1

Question 10

Lab value for phosphate

Answer 10

3.0-4.5

Question 11

Lab value for PaCO2

Answer 11

35-45

Question 12

Lab value for ph

Answer 12

7.35-7.45

Question 13

Lab value for PaO2

Answer 13

80-100

Question 14

Symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 14

(Decreased bowel)
Bilateral muscle weakness (may ascend to respiratory muscles)
Abdominal distention
Decreased bowel sounds
Constipation
Dysrhythmias

Question 15

Symptoms of hyperkalemia

Answer 15

(Increased bowel)
Bilateral muscle weakness
Abdominal cramps
Diarrhea
Dysrhythmias
Cardiac arrest if severe

Question 16

Symptoms of Hypocalcemia

Answer 16

(Increased neuromuscular)
Numbness and tingling
Positive Chvostek’s sign
Hyper reactive reflexes
Muscle twitching and cramping
Seizures
Dysrhythmias

Question 17

Symptoms of Hypercalcemia

Answer 17

(Decreased neuromuscular activity)
Anorexia
N&V
Constipation
Fatigue
Diminished reflexes
Lethargy
Decreased LOC
Confusion/personality change
Cardiac arrest if severe

Question 18

Symptoms of hypomagnesemia

Answer 18

(Increased heart)
Positive Chvostek’s sign
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Muscle cramps and twitching
Grimacing
Dysphagia
Tetany
Seizures
Insomnia
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Dysrhythmias

Question 19

Symptoms of hypermagnesemia

Answer 19

(Decreased heart)
Lethargy
Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Flushing
Sensation of warmth
Decreased respirations
Dysrhythmias
Cardiac arrest

Question 20

CT attitude: speak with conviction

Answer 20

Confidence

Question 21

CT attitude: be prepared before performing nursing activities

Answer 21

Confidence

Question 22

CT attitude: encourage the pt to ask questions

Answer 22

Confidence

Question 23

CT attitude: be open minded about different interventions

Answer 23

Independent thinking

Question 24

CT attitude: talk with other nurses and share ideas

Answer 24

Independent thinking

Question 25

CT attitude: listen to both sides of a discussion

Answer 25

Fairness

Question 26

CT attitude: assume care of all pts with openness

Answer 26

Fairness

Question 27

CT attitude: ask for help

Answer 27

Responsibility/accountability

Question 28

CT attitude: refer to policy and procedure manual

Answer 28

Responsibility/accountability

Question 29

CT attitude: report problems

Answer 29

Responsibility/accountability

Question 30

CT attitude: follow standards of care

Answer 30

Responsibility/accountability

Question 31

CT attitude: if your knowledge causes you to question a healthcare provider, do so

Answer 31

Risk taking

Question 32

CT attitude: be willing to recommend alternative approaches to colleagues

Answer 32

Risk taking

Question 33

CT attitude: be thorough

Answer 33

Discipline

Question 34

CT attitude: use scientific and practice based criteria

Answer 34

Discipline

Question 35

CT attitude: manage time effectively

Answer 35

Discipline

Question 36

CT attitude: be cautious of easy answers that avoid uncomfortable situations

Answer 36

Perseverance applications

Question 37

CT attitude: if facts seem to be missing, clarify info

Answer 37

Perseverance applications

Question 38

CT attitude: look for different approaches if intervention isnt working

Answer 38

Creativity

Question 39

CT attitude: always ask why

Answer 39

Curiosity

Question 40

CT attitude: be willing to challenge tradition

Answer 40

Curiosity

Question 41

CT attitude: explore and learn more about pt to make appropriate clinical judgements

Answer 41

Curiosity

Question 42

CT attitude: recognize when you need more info to make a decision

Answer 42

Humility

Question 43

CT attitude: recognize when your opinions conflict with those of a pt

Answer 43

Integrity

Question 44

CT attitude: do not compromise nursing standards or honesty in delivering nursing care

Answer 44

Integrity

Question 45

CT attitude: ask for orientation when you are new

Answer 45

Humility

Question 46

CT attitude: ask experienced RNs for assistance with approaches to care

Answer 46

Humility

Question 47

Commitment to include patients in decisions

Answer 47

Automony

Question 48

Taking positive actions to help others

Answer 48

Beneficence

Question 49

Avoidance of harm or hurt

Answer 49

Nonmaleficence

Question 50

Being fair

Answer 50

Justice

Question 51

Agreement to keep promises

Answer 51

Fidelity

Question 52

Defines actions as right or wrong

Answer 52

Deontology

Question 53

Proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness

Answer 53

Utilitarianism

Question 54

Focuses on the inequality between people

Answer 54

Feminist ethics

Question 55

Emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships, especially as they are revealed in personal narratives

Answer 55

Ethics of care

Question 56

Case-based reasoning

Answer 56

Casuistry

Question 57

Factors that influence BP

Answer 57

Age Ethnicity Gender Stress Daily variation Medications Activity, weight Smoking

Question 58

Physiological factors that influence pain

Answer 58

Age Fatigue Genes Neurological function

Question 59

Social factors that influence pain

Answer 59

Previous experience Family and social network Spiritual factors

Question 60

Psychological factors that influence pain

Answer 60

Attention Anxiety and fear Coping style

Question 61

Cultural factors influencing pain

Answer 61

Meaning of pain Ethnicity

Question 62

Colorectal cancer screenings

Answer 62

(All starting at age 45) Every year: - Guaiac fecal - Fecal immunochemical Every 3 years: - DNA stool test Every 5 years: - flexible sigmoidoscopy - computed tomography, colonography Every 10 years: - colonoscopy

Question 63

Type of precautions: chicken pox

Answer 63

Airborne

Question 64

Type of precautions: measles

Answer 64

Airborne

Question 65

Type of precautions: TB

Answer 65

Airborne

Question 66

Type of precautions: shingles

Answer 66

Airborne

Question 67

Type of precautions: pneumonia

Answer 67

Droplet

Question 68

Type of precautions: flu

Answer 68

Droplet

Question 69

Type of precautions: rubella

Answer 69

Droplet

Question 70

Type of precautions: mumps

Answer 70

Droplet

Question 71

Type of precautions: VRE

Answer 71

Contact

Question 72

Type of precautions: MRSA

Answer 72

Contact

Question 73

Type of precautions: c diff

Answer 73

Contact

Question 74

Type of precautions: wound infection

Answer 74

Contact

Question 75

Airflow for nasal cannula

Answer 75

1-6L

Question 76

Airflow for oxygen-conserving cannula

Answer 76

8L

Question 77

Airflow for simple face mask

Answer 77

6-12L

Question 78

Airflow for partial and nonrebreather masks

Answer 78

10-15L

Question 79

Airflow for Venturi mask

Answer 79

24-50%

Question 80

Airflow for high-flow nasal cannula

Answer 80

Up to 60L

Question 81

Assessment factors of activity intolerance

Answer 81

Physiologic Age Emotional Developmental Pregnancy

Question 82

Which theorist: biggest concern is pt hygiene and environment

Answer 82

Nightengale

Question 83

Which theorist: culture

Answer 83

Lightenger

Question 84

Which theorist: caring

Answer 84

Watson

Question 85

Which theorist: self care deficit

Answer 85

Orem

Question 86

Type of theory: must do interventions to meet goals/outcomes

Answer 86

Perscriptive

Question 87

Type of theory: hugely broad

Answer 87

Grand theories

Question 88

Type of theory: focuses on one area of nursing

Answer 88

Middle range

Question 89

Type of theory: explains why we do things

Answer 89

Descriptive

Question 90

What is managed care?

Answer 90

Health promotion and prevention

Question 91

Theory essay question

Answer 91

Nursing theories help nurses guide their practice. For example, Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit theory teaches us how important it is for people to perform self care. So, nurses assess their patients’ ability to perform self-care activities and help when necessary, in order for them to have improved health outcomes.

Question 92

How does fluid move when a pt is hypertonic

Answer 92

Out of the cells

Question 93

How does fluid move when a pt is hypotonic

Answer 93

Into the cells

Question 94

Chart used to assess stools

Answer 94

Bristol stool chart

Question 95

Gas exchange

Answer 95

Diffusion

Question 96

Blood/oxygen getting to tissues

Answer 96

Perfusion

Question 97

Type of tort: invasion of privacy

Answer 97

Quasi-intentional

Question 98

Type of tort: defamation of character

Answer 98

Quasi-intentional

Question 99

Type of tort: assault, battery

Answer 99

Intentional

Question 100

Type of tort: false imprisonment

Answer 100

Intentional

Question 101

Type of tort: negligence

Answer 101

Unintentional tort

Question 102

Type of tort: malpractice

Answer 102

Unintentional tort

Question 103

Includes information about end of life care

Answer 103

Living will

Question 104

Tells family what to do before, during, or after death. Includes statement of if they want to be resuscitated

Answer 104

Advance directive