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Intro To Nursing Care > Exam 1 Important Stuff > Flashcards

Exam 1 Important Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Define critical thinking

A

The ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness to question and reflect on the reasoning process

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2
Q

List the critical thinking skills:

A

Interpretation
Analysis
Inference
Evaluation
Explanation
Self-reflection

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3
Q

Which CT skill?

Be orderly in collecting patient data

A

Interpretation

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4
Q

Which CT skill?

Apply reasoning while looking for patterns to emerge

A

Interpretation

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5
Q

Which CT skill?

Categorize the data

A

Interpretation

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6
Q

Which CT skill?

Gather additional data and clarify any uncertain data

A

Interpretation

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7
Q

Which CT skill?

Be open-minded as you look at a pt’s info

A

Analysis

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8
Q

Which CT skill?

Do not make careless assumptions

A

Analysis

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9
Q

Which CT skill?

Does the data reveal a problem or trend that you believe is true, or are there other options?

A

Analysis

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10
Q

Which CT skill?

Look at the meaning and significance of findings

A

Inference

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11
Q

Which CT skill?

Are there relationships among findings?

A

Inference

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12
Q

Which CT skill?

Does pt data help you see that a problem exists?

A

Inference

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13
Q

Which CT skill?

Look at all situations objectively

A

Evaluation

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14
Q

Which CT skill?

Use criteria to determine results of nursing actions

A

Evaluation

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15
Q

Which CT skill?

Reflect on your own behavior

A

Evaluation

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16
Q

Which CT skill?

Support your findings and conclusions

A

Explanation

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17
Q

Which CT skill?

Use knowledge and experience to choose strategies to use in care of patients

A

Explanation

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18
Q

Which CT skill?

Reflect on your experiences

A

Self reflection

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19
Q

Which CT skill?

Be responsible for connecting your actions with outcomes

A

Self reflection

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20
Q

Which CT skill?

Identify the ways you can improve your own performance

A

Self reflection

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21
Q

Which CT skill?

What will make you believe that you have been successful?

A

Self reflection

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22
Q

Define reflection

A

Part of critical thinking that involves purposefully reviewing a situation to discover its purpose or meaning

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23
Q

Define validation

A

Comparison of data with another source to determine data accuracy

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24
Q

Define interpretation

A

Critically interpret assessment data to determine whether abnormal findings are present (cues & inferences)

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25
Q

List the critical thinking attitudes

A

Confidence
Independent thinking
Fairness
Responsibility/accountability
Risk taking
Discipline
Perseverance applications
Creativity
Curiosity
Integrity
Humility

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26
Q

Which CT attitude?

Speak with conviction

A

Confidence

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27
Q

Which CT attitude?

Be prepared before performing a nursing activity

A

Confidence

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28
Q

Which CT attitude?

Encourage the pt to ask questions

A

Confidence

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29
Q

Which CT attitude?

Be open-minded about different interventions

A

Independent thinking

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30
Q

Which CT attitude?

Talk with other nurses and share ideas

A

Independent thinking

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31
Q

Which CT attitude?

Listen to both sides of a discussion

A

Fairness

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32
Q

Which CT attitude?

Assume care of all patient with openness

A

Fairness

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33
Q

Which CT attitude?

Ask for help

A

Responsibility / accountability

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34
Q

Which CT attitude?

Refer to policy & procedure manual

A

Responsibility / accountability

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35
Q

Which CT attitude?

Report problems

A

Responsibility / accountability

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36
Q

Which CT attitude?

Follow standards of care

A

Responsibility / accountability

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37
Q

Which CT attitude?

If your knowledge causes you to question a healthcare provider, do so

A

Risk taking

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38
Q

Which CT attitude?

Be willing to recommend alternative approaches to colleagues

A

Risk taking

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39
Q

Which CT attitude?

Be thorough

A

Discipline

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40
Q

Which CT attitude?

Use scientific and practice-based criteria

A

Discipline

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41
Q

Which CT attitude?

Manage time effectively

A

Discipline

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42
Q

Which CT attitude?

Be cautious of easy answers that avoid uncomfortable situations

A

Perseverance applications

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43
Q

Which CT attitude?

If facts seem to be missing, clarify info

A

Perseverance applications

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44
Q

Which CT attitude?

Look for different approaches if intervention isn’t working

A

Creativity

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45
Q

Which CT attitude?

Always ask why

A

Curiosity

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46
Q

Which CT attitude?

Be willing to challenge tradition

A

Curiosity

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47
Q

Which CT attitude?

Explore and learn more about patient to make appropriate clinical judgements

A

Curiosity

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48
Q

Which CT attitude?

Recognize when your opinions conflict with those of a patient

A

Integrity

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49
Q

Which CT attitude?

Do not compromise nursing standards or honesty in delivering nursing care

50
Q

Which CT attitude?

Recognize when you need more info to make a decision

51
Q

Which CT attitude?

Ask for orientation when you are new

52
Q

Which CT attitude?

Ask experienced RNs for assistance with approaches to care

53
Q

Which CT attitude?

Ask for orientation when you are new to a unit

54
Q

What should you do after you finish a care plan?

A

Must document it in pt’s chart to share it with care team
By identifying accurate nursing problems, your care plan communicates a patient’s health care responses to the healthcare team

55
Q

List the types of nursing interventions

A

Independent
Dependent
Collaborative

56
Q

What is an independent nursing intervention?

A

One that can be done without supervision or orders

57
Q

What is a dependent nursing intervention?

A

One that is initiated by the health care provider and requires an order

58
Q

Difference between a goal and an outcome

A

Goals are broad and outcomes are specific and follow SMART

59
Q

What does SMART stand for?

A

Singular
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timed

60
Q

List the steps of the nursing process in order

A

Assess
Diagnose
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

61
Q

List the steps of the CJMM in order

A

Recognize cues
Analyze cues
Prioritize hypothesis
Generate solutions
Take action
Evaluate outcomes

62
Q

Which part of the nursing process/CJMM?

Gather info about a patient’s condition

A

Assess / Recognize cues

63
Q

Which part of the nursing process/CJMM?

Identify patient’s problems

A

Diagnose / Analyze cues & Prioritize hypothesis

64
Q

Which part of the nursing process/CJMM?

Set goals & outcomes

A

Plan / generate solutions

65
Q

Which part of the nursing process/CJMM?

Identify appropriate nursing actions

A

Plan / generate solutions

66
Q

Which part of the nursing process/CJMM?

Perform nursing actions

A

Implement / Take action

67
Q

Which part of the nursing process/CJMM?

Determine if goals and outcomes are achieved

A

Evaluate / Evaluate outcomes

68
Q

What happens if goals or outcomes are not met?

A

Modify the plan by:
- Redefine diagnosis
- Revise goals / expected outcomes
- Revise interventions

69
Q

What to remember when drawing up insulin

A

Roll cloudy insulin in hands
Can only mix regular and intermediate insulin
Regular first (clear) before intermediate (cloudy)
Never mix insulin glargine or insulin detemir

70
Q

List the types of nursing problems

A

Problem-focused
Risk problem
Health promotion

71
Q

What is a problem-focused nursing problem?

A

Identifies an undesirable human response to existing problems or concerns of a patient

72
Q

What is a risk nursing problem?

A

Increased potential for a patient to develop a problem or complication

73
Q

What is a health promotion nursing problem?

A

Identifies the desire or motivation to improve health status through positive behavioral change

74
Q

List the types of nursing care interventions

A

Direct care interventions
Indirect care interventions

75
Q

What should you do if a patient refuses a medication?

A

1st: assess patient by asking questions about why

2nd: educate patient
3rd: if pt still refuses, don’t give med and document

76
Q

What do you do if you find an error in a medication order?

A

Call the physician and verify it

77
Q

What do the colors of wrist bands mean?

A

Yellow = fall risk
Purple = DNR
Red = allergies

78
Q

Signs of fall risk patients

A

Bedside commode
Gait belt
Rubber-soled shoes or slippers
Safety bars in bathroom

79
Q

What do the letters of RACE stand for?

A

Rescue and remove all patient in immediate danger
Activate alarm
Confine fire (close doors/windows, turn off oxygen and electronics)
Extinguish fire

80
Q

What is the major safety change brought about by the National Patient Safety Goals?

A

Barcoding
For med, pt ID band, and nurse ID badge

81
Q

When should restraints be used?

A

Distraction techniques should be used first
Restraints are last resort

82
Q

Physiologic changes associated with aging

A

Visual and hearing alterations
Slowed reaction time
Decreased ROM, flexibility, & strength

83
Q

What should you do if you have a patient that falls?

A

Get them back to their bed and make sure they are stable, then call provider

84
Q

Best site for IM injection of antibiotics

A

Ventrogluteal

85
Q

Best site for vaccinations?

86
Q

Best site for injections on babies?

A

Vastus lateralis

87
Q

What are standing orders?

A

Orders that are carried out until provider cancels it with another order or prescribed number of days elapse

88
Q

What are single/one time orders?

A

When a med is given only once (ex: preoperational)

89
Q

List safety principles to reduce needle stick injuries

A
  • Needles systems
  • Do not recap needles after med administration
  • Plan safe handling and disposal of needle before beginning procedure
  • Immediately dispose of used needles into sharps
  • Maintain sharps safety log that reports: type and brand of needle, location in building, description of incident, privacy of the employees who have sharps injuries
  • Attend educational offerings about blood borne pathogens
  • Follow recommendations for infection prevention
  • Get hep B vaccine
  • Report all needle stick injuries immediately
  • Participate in selection of needles with safety devices
90
Q

What do you do if a med error occurs?

A
  1. Assess and examine patient
  2. Notify provider ASAP
  3. Once patient is stable, report incident to appropriate agency
  4. File incident report
91
Q

List the 3 levels of critical thinking

A

Basic critical thinking
Complex critical thinking
Commitment

92
Q

What is basic critical thinking?

A

Focuses on performing skills and organizing nursing care activities.
This level trusts that experts have all the answers.

93
Q

What is complex critical thinking?

A

Begin to rely less on experts and trust their own decisions more
Find original solutions

94
Q

What is commitment critical thinking?

A

Anticipate when to make choices without assistance from others
Accepts accountability for decisions made

95
Q

What are the 3 critical thinking competencies?

A

General CTC
Specific CTC
Nursing process

96
Q

What are the parts of General CTC?

A

Scientific method - methodical way to solve problems
Problem solving - obtain info, suggest solutions, try solutions over time
Decision making - face problem, choose course of action from several options

97
Q

What are the parts of Specific CTC?

A

Diagnostic reasoning - figuring out why
Clinical decision making - CT that resolves a patient’s problem
Knowing the patient - in depth knowledge about a patient’s patterns of responses within clinical situation and knowing the patient as a person

98
Q

What is the nursing process in relation to CTC?

A

Combines use of general CTC and specific CTC

99
Q

What is the difference between intellectual and professional standards?

A

Intellectual brings for knowledge and boundary setting
Professional are criteria that needs to be met
(Both need CT)

100
Q

What are intellectual standards?

A

Guidelines or principles for rational thought
That use: preciseness, accuracy, and consistency

101
Q

What are professional standards?

A

Ethical criteria for nursing judgements
Evidence-based criteria for evaluation
Criteria for professional responsibility

102
Q

List the 3 ways to develop CT skills

A

Reflective journaling
Meet with colleagues
Concept mapping

103
Q

What is reflective journaling

A

Written record of clinical experiences

104
Q

How do you develop CT skills meeting with colleagues?

A

Discuss and examine work experiences
Validate outcomes

105
Q

What is concept mapping?

A

Visual of patient problems and interventions

106
Q

List the types of assessments

A

Patient-centered interview
Periodic assessments
Physical examination

107
Q

List the phases of the interview

A

Orientation and setting an agenda
Working phase (collecting data)
Termination phase

108
Q

Example of a leading question

A

you said you have pain below the knee, tell me more about that

109
Q

Example of probing

A

Tell me more about that

110
Q

What does it mean to interpret while interviewing a patient?

A

Repeat what you have heard to confirm patient’s meaning

111
Q

How should you document present illness?

A

Using PQRST

112
Q

What does PQRST stand for?

A

Provokes
Quality
Radiate
Severity
Time

113
Q

Which areas do we look at then identifying a nursing problem?

A

Pathophysiological - disease/disorder
Treatment-related - (dialysis, anticoagulant therapy)
Personal - (dying, divorced)
Environmental - (over-crowded school, safety barriers at home)
Maturational - (peer pressure, parenthood)

114
Q

How are nursing problems prioritized?

A

Using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

115
Q

What are the different levels of priorities for nursing problems?

A

High: physiological needs, safety
Intermediate: not life threatening
Low: for pt’s future wellbeing

116
Q

List Maslow’s Hierarchy needs in order from the base to the top

A

Physiological (ABCs)
Safety
Love/belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization

117
Q

What is the most important principle of planning?

A

Individualization of patient-centered care

118
Q

What does the implementation process always begin with?

A

Reassessing patient

119
Q

List the things to consider when preparing for implementation

A

Time management
Equipment
Personnel
Environment
Patient

120
Q

List the implementation skills

A

Cognitive: decision making & critical thinking
Interpersonal: communication with patients and their families
Psychomotor: integrate cognitive and motor skills

Intro To Nursing Care (10 decks)

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