FINAL Flashcards
brain dev: prefrontal cortex
planning, organizing new tasks, maintaining attention to tasks
brain dev: executive functioning
impulse control, emotional control, flexible thinking, working memory, self-monitoring, planning and prioritizing, task initiation and organization
decentration
gradual progression of a child way from egocentrism toward a reality shared w others
reversibility
the child learns some things that have changed can be returned to original state
seriation
mental skills kids learn in early childhood
ex: ordering things from thin to big or short to tall
food desert
area where it’s difficult to afford good quality and fresh foods
food swamps
area w 4 or more stores every quarter mile or where the ratio of unhealthy to healthy food is 2:3
play dev: solitary
2-3 yrs, play w toys but not each other
play dev: onlooker
3-4 yrs, observe others while they play
play dev: parallel
4-5 yrs, play next to each other but don’t interact
play dev: associative
5-6 yrs, share materials but don’t coordinate activity
play dev: cooperative
6-7 yrs, engage in a single activity together
the case of david reimer
sex was assigned male but was raises as a girl. he identifies as a boy/man despite being raised otherwise
cisgender
sense of gender matches biological sex
transgender
sense of gender doesn’t match biological sex
kohlberg’s cog-dev theory: gender identity
2 yrs; “I am a boy”
kohlberg’s cog-dev theory: gender stability
3-4 yrs; “I will still be a boy when i grow up”
kohlberg’s cog-dev theory: gender constancy
5-6 yrs; i will still be a boy even if i play with girl toys and have long hair
gender schema theory
after identifying as a specific gender, kids selectively attend to and remember own-gender relevant info to shape their own behaviors
traditional schooling - teacher centered
teachers structure learning, formal lessons
child-centered schooling
learn through play / interaction w materials
positive discipline
uses transgressions to teach, reduce opportunities, provide reason to the rules, family duties and routines
authoritative parenting
warm and control
authoritarian parenting
cold and contol
permissive/indulgent parenting
warm and lax
rejecting/neglectful parenting
cold and lax
impact of parenting styles on children
affects personality, delinquency, mental health issues, relationship skills
coregulation
warm and responsive interaction that provide support and model how to regulate their minds and emotions
co-rumination
talking excessively ab problems: rehashing, speculating, dwelling, etc
relational aggression
harm among social relationships caused by hidden bullying or manipulation
crowd
large group of people gathered in a disorganized way
clique
group of people w shared interests and don’t readily let others into the group
prosocial-popular peer acceptance
highly charismatic and draw peers to them
rejected-aggressive peer acceptance
display threatening behavior, physically, aggressive behavior
controversial peer acceptance
liked by many and also disliked by many
average peer acceptance
liked by small groups of peers but not disliked by many
neglected peer acceptance
not especially liked or disliked, but tend to be in the background
fixed mindset
intelligence is innate and can’t be changed; born smart or not
growth mindset
no matter who you are, you can always become smarter
adhd symptoms and treatment
symptoms: can’t sit still, talks loudly and fast, can’t listen, can’t focus, memory issues
