Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPB 101: > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the mean tool do?

A

Gives the overall average of recorded values in the highlighted range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between P-P and delta?

A

P-P: gives difference between lowest and highest points
delta: gives the difference between the Y values of the highlighted range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes the H wave? What causes the M wave?

A

The H wave: The hoffman reflex. The pulse is felt in the 1a afferent n, which is carried to the spinal cord
M wave: direct stimulation of alpha-motor n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the components of the reflex studied in lab 2?

A

Muscle spindle, 1a afferent neuron, spinal cord, alpha motor neuron, quads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the components of the dive reflex?

A

-cold and wet is sensed
-vagus n. suppresses HR (bradycardia)
-increase SNS activity –> vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the components of the CV baroreceptor reflex upon standing?

A

-baroreceptors in carotid sinus or aortic arch sense BP decrease
-response in integrated in the brain
-norephinephrine is released as a result
-SV, HR, and CO increase. Vasocontriction occurs
-BP is restored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which hormone is parasympathetic? Ach or Norephinephrine

A

Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which neuron has a greater diameter? 1a afferent of alpha motor?

A

The 1a afferent neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which wave abolishes at high voltage? which wave increases with voltage? (H or M wave)

A

H wave: decreases as voltage increases
-antidromic activity gets to big, starts to cause extra refractory periods within the spinal nerves, and decreases voltage
M wave: increase as voltage increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to the M wave as you increase frequency? How about H wave?

A

M wave: No effect (doesn’t go to Renshaw cells)
H wave: gradually decreases with increased frequency due to activation of the Renshaw cells, and hyperpolarization of the spinal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what time does the nystagmus fast phase go with the direction of motion? At what time does it go against?

A

Goes with the direction of motion on the acceleration. Goes against it on the slow down due to the inertia of the endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?

A

When there is an increase in the stretch of smooth m. tissue in the lungs, there will be an inhibitory response from inspiratory n.s. Visa versa if decrease in observed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between hyperpnea, hyperemia, and hypercapnia, and what are they caused by?

A

Hyperpnea: increase in ventilation matching an increase in metabolic activity, such as exercise
Hyperemia: increased blood flow to a portion of the body (reactive and active types)
hypercapnia: excess [pCO2] in the blood stream. Causes a decrease in pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are the central chemoreceptors? how about the peripheral chemoreceptors? How about the stretch receptors? (for respiratory system)

A

Central = medulla oblongata
peripheral = aortic arch/ carotid body
stretch= lung parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which local metabolites can cause an increase in blood flow to a given body region?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following is a difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

A

only cardiac muscle have intercalated disks

17
Q

Which is NOT responsible for keeping the alveoli from collapsing?

A

pleural pressure

18
Q

What is the difference between Delta and P-P?

A

P-P incorporates the highest and lowest values in the selected area, Delta does not

19
Q

What causes volume change in a. versus v.?

A

a: increased SV, CO, HR or arterial resistance
v: decrease in HR, changing in body position

20
Q

What is the hydrostatic reflex that keeps BP at normal levels?

A

BP drops -> baroreceptors detect -> medulla increases firing rate -> HR increases -> BP increases

21
Q

What does norepinephrine do when it binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in v.? how about a.?

A

Both experience vasoconstriction
a: increases resistance and decreases venous flow
v: increases pressure and increases venous flow/return

22
Q

What are the parasympathetic effects on the heart (3)? What is the neurotransmitter for it?

A

decrease HR, Decrease in CO, decrease in BP. Ach is the hormone

23
Q

What is epinephrine a ligand of (receptor)?

A

What is epinephrine a ligand of (receptor)?

24
Q

What is the Frank-Starling Law of the heart?

A

the more the heart is filled during diastole, the harder it will contract during systole

25
Q

What do P, QRS, and T waves correspond to?

A

-P: depolarization of atira
-QRS: depolarization of ventricles + artrial repolarization
-T: repolarization of ventricles

26
Q

Whats the Henneman rule?

A

Motor units are recruited from smallest to largest

27
Q

Whats the difference between the Herring-Breur reflex and the frank-starling?

A

HB: when the stretch receptors in the lungs go off when inflated, causing inhibition of inspiratory n.s
FS: when the heart is filled with more blood after diastole, the harder the contraction in systole will be

28
Q

What is the difference between hyperpnea and hyperventilation?

A

Hyperpnea: breathing more deeply, but not necessarily faster
hyperventilation: breaking fast and deep –> more exhalation than inhalation

29
Q

What is the different between alpha adrenergic and beta adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha receptors: in the vessels, and cause vasocontriction
beta: in the heart, increase HR and SV

30
Q

Which regulate blood pressure: veins or arteries?

A

arteries

31
Q

Which ion is heavy in the endolymph and causes the VOR reflex?

A

K+ (not a salty nana I guess?)

32
Q

What is the difference between intrapleural pressure and transmural pressure?

A

Transmural pressure: difference between pressure inside the alveoli and pressure inside the intraplural space
intrapleural: pressure inside the plural cavity

33
Q

What is the difference between intrapleural pressure and transmural pressure?

A

Transmural pressure: difference between pressure inside the alveoli and pressure inside the intrapleural space
intrapleural: pressure inside the plural cavity

34
Q

What does the dorsal respiratory group do versus the ventral respiratory group?

A

Dorsal: mostly inspiratory
ventral: involved with pacemaking

35
Q

what does the pre-botzinger complex, the pneumotaxic center, and the apneustic center all do?

A

Pre-Botzinger: pacemaking
pneumotaxis: inhibition of inspiration
apneustic: initation of inspiration

NPB 101: (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions