Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology II > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pericarp

A

Ovary wall that develops into fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 layers of pericarp

A

Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Simple Fruit

A

Fruit that develops from a single ovary. Example: Peach, Tomato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compound Fruit

A

Fruit that develops from multiple ovaries.
Aggregate: from one flower
Multiple: from multiple flowers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vegetable

A

A food eaten from a non-reproductive structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vegetable

A

Food eaten from a non-reproductive structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fleshy Seed Dispersal

A

Typically dispersed by animals (eating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dry Seed Dispersal

A

Dispersed by sticking onto animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Wind Seed Dispersal

A

Dry fruit with a flat wing-like outgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Leaves

A

Site of photosythesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stems

A

Support and transport of water/nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Roots

A

Anchor plants, absorption of water and nutrients, storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does plant growth occur?

A

At the meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Apical Meristems

A

Height/Length growth, primary growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lateral Meristems

A

Width growth, secondary growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epidermis

A

the outermost layer of leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mesophyll

A

The inner layer of the leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cuticle

A

Outer layer covering, helps maintain water balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stomata

A

Pores in the epidermis. Control entry and exit of gases and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Guard Cells

A

Control the opening and closing of stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CAM plants

A

Stomata only open at night when the air is moist. Stomata are closed during the day when the air is dry and the risk of water evaporation is high.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Palisade Cells

A

Uppermost 1-3 layers. Main site of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spongy Cells

A

Underneath palisade. Facilitate gas exchange.

24
Q

Vascular bundle cells

A

Veins on the surface of leaf. Xylem and Phloem.

25
Q

Xylem

A

Carry H2O/minerals.

26
Q

Phloem

A

Carry sugars

27
Q

Petiole

A

Connection to the stem. Location of axillary buds

28
Q

Sessile plant

A

No petioles. Direct stem attachment.

29
Q

9 Major Phyla

A

Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Nematoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

30
Q

Asymmetrical

A

Animal that lacks symmetry

31
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

An animal who is arranged around a central axis

32
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

Only 1 plane, divide the animal into mirror images

33
Q

Porifera

A

Asymmetrical, lack true tissues. Ex: Sponges

34
Q

Cnidaria

A

Radial symmetry, 2 tissue layers. Cndiocytes: stinging cells. Gastrovascular cavity. Ex: Jellyfish, coral, sea anemones.

35
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms. Ex: Free living flatworms, planarians, tapeworms.

36
Q

Annelida

A

Segmented worms. Round bodies. Ex: Earthworms, leeches.

37
Q

Nematoda

A

Threadlike worms. Round, unsegmented. Ex: Heartworms, pinworms

38
Q

Mollusca

A

Mostly soft-bodied with shell (some do not have). Muscular foot for locomotion. The mantle covers internal organs. Radula to scrap surfaces for food. Ex: Octopuses, squids, clams, oysters, snails.

39
Q

Echinodermata

A

“Spiny Skin.” Deuterostomes. Internal skeleton. Water vascular system. Ex: Sea urchins, sea stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers.

40
Q

Chordata

A

Vertebrates are found. Deuterostomes. Endoskeleton. Ex: Fish, mammals, reptiles, amphibians.

41
Q

Arthropoda

A

Most species-rich. Exoskeleton made of chitin. Jointed appendages. Segmented body. Open circulatory system. Ecdysis. Ex: Crustaceans, insects, spiders

42
Q

Crustacea (Class)

A

Mostly aquatic. 2 pairs of antennae. Compound eyes. Mandibles (jaw parts). Ex: Crawfish, shrimp, crabs, lobsters.

43
Q

Crawfish

A

32 Species in LA. Red Swamp Crawfish and White River Crawfish are used as food. Most are red.

44
Q

Chordata Synapomorphies

A

Related to development: Notochord, Hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gills/slits, Post-anal tail.

45
Q

Invertebrate Chordates

A

Notochord persists through life. Never gets a vertebral column. Ex: Sea Squits and Lancelets.

46
Q

Vertebrates

A

The notochord is replaced with the vertebral column during development. Protect the spinal cord. Provide attachment points for muscles. Better range of movement.

47
Q

Jawless Fishes

A

Have cranium, lack jaws, and long slender bodies with gills. Sense organs clustered near the head. Ex: Hagfish, Lampreys.

48
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Most ancient clade of fishes. Skeletons are made of cartilage. Ex: Sharks, skates, rays.

49
Q

Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)

A

Most species-rich group of vertebrates. Fan-shaped fins. Slender, bony spines supporting thin, flexible webs of skin. Ex: Eels, minnows, catfish, etc.

50
Q

Sarcopterygii (Lobe finned fishes)

A

Most closely related to tetrapods. Have lungs and fleshy fins used to “walk” along the bottom of the substrate. Ex: Lungfish, coelacanths

51
Q

Tetrapods

A

“4 feet” Several traits important for living on land. (Sturdy appendages). Evolved from shallow-water inhabiting fishes. Ex: Amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals.

52
Q

Amphibians

A

First tetrapods. Strong link to water. Need water to reproduce. Larvae respire through external gills. Adults have lungs, but not very efficient. Ex: Frogs, Toads, Newts, Salamander, Caecilians.

53
Q

Reptiles

A

Fully terrestrial. Internal fertilization. Scaly skin. Amniotic membranes allow eggs to develop on land. Ex: Turtles, lizards, snakes, tuatara, crocodilians.

54
Q

Birds

A

Amniotes. Have feathers and hollow bones adapted for flight. Most closely related to crocodilians/reptiles.

55
Q

Mammals

A

Amniotes. Mammary glands, skin is keratin-rich and waterproof. Hair/Horns/hooves/claws/nails

Biology II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions