Final Flashcards
Aden/o
gland
Cardi/o
heart
Cyt/o
cell
Cutane/o
skin
Caus/o
burning/ burn
Cephal/o
head
comat/o
deep sleep
Gastr/o
stomach
Hepat/o
Liver
Oste/o
bone
onych/o
nail
Hydr/o
water
Erythr/o
Red
Path/o
disease
phleb/o
vein
Myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
-algia
pain
-ectomy
excision, removal
-cutaneous
skin
- malacia
softening
-megaly
enlargement
-tomy
incision
-penia
decrease; deficiency
-partum
birth
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
-cele
hernia; swelling
-dynia
pain
-emia
blood condition
- gram
record, writing
-itis
inflammation
-lysis
separation; destruction; loosening
-therapy
treatment
-stomy
forming an opening (mouth)
-plasty
surgical repair
-lith
stone, calculus
-edema
swelling
-emesis
vomiting
-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
Endo-
in, within
Hyper-
excessive; above normal
Sub-
under, below
Cryo-
cold
Hypo-
under, below; deficient
Ante-
before, in front of
Glyco-
sugar, sweetness
Costo-
ribs
Anti-
against
Dys-
bad; painful; difficult
Tachy-
rapid
A-/An-
without; not
Lateral
away from middle
A lateral orientation is a position away from the midline of the body. For instance, the arms are lateral to the chest, and the ears are lateral to the head. A medial orientation is a position toward the midline of the body.
Medial
Medial means toward the middle or center. It is the opposite of lateral. The term is used to describe general positions of body parts. For example, the chest is medial to the arm.
Prone
face down
Prone position is a body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and the back up
Supine
face up
RUQ
right upper quadrant
- liver
- stomach
- gallbladder
- duodenum (first part of small intestine)
- right kidney
- pancreas
- left adrenal gland
LUQ
left upper quadrant
- liver
- stomach
- pancreas
- left kidney
- spleen
- left adrenal gland
RLQ
right lower quadrant
- appendix
- reproductive organs
- right ureter (right ovary and fallopin tube)
- part of colon
LLQ
left lower quadrant
- left ureter
- reproductive organs (left ovary and fallopian tube)
- rectum
- part of colon
- small intestine (ileum)
profuse sweating
sudor/esis
diaphoresis
Hyperhidrosis
Without oxygen
anoxia
Debridement
To remove dead, contaminated, or adherent tissue and/or foreign material.
Slow heartbeat
Bradycardia
Metastasis
the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.
Allograft
homograft
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person;
autograft
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual
xenograft
Transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft
A xenograft is used as a temporary graft to protect the patient against infection and fluid loss.
Pneumothorax
Collection of air in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung
Pneumothorax can occur with pulmonary disease (emphysema, lung CA, or TB) when pulmonary lesions rupture near the pleural surface, allowing communication between an alveolus or bronchus and the pleural cavity. It may also be the result of an open chest wound or a perforation of the chest wall that permits the entrance of air.
Atelectasis
Collapse of lung tissue, preventing respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2
Atelectasis can be caused by obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lung from a tumor. In fetal atelectasis, the lungs fail to expand normally at birth.
Pleural effusion
Abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity
The fluid may contain blood (hemothorax), serum (hydrothorax), or pus (pyothorax). Treatment includes a surgical puncture of the chest using a hollow-bore needle (thoracentesis, thoracocentesis) to remove excess fluid.
condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
Emphysema
chronic disease characterized by overexpansion and destruction of the alveoli
(any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
2.
the bony socket for the root of a tooth.)
Pulmonary edema
A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs.
Pulmonary edema is usually caused by a heart condition. Other causes include pneumonia, exposure to certain toxins and drugs, and being at high elevations.
Pulmonary embolism
A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot.
Most times, a pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel from the legs or, rarely, other parts of the body (deep vein thrombosis).
Largest blood vessel
aorta
Sections of vertebrae
cervical vertebrae -7, bones that form the skeletal framework of the neck.
thoracic vertebrae - 12 ,support the chest and serve as a point of articulation (joining together to allow motion between parts) for the ribs.
lumar vertebrae - 5, These are situated in the lower back and carry most of the weight of the torso.
sacrum - triangular bone below lumbar
coccyx - tailbone
Chambers of the heart
The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body
Types of aneurysms
abdominal - the large blood vessel that carries blood away from your heart and through your body.
thoracic -develop in the portion of the aorta that passes through the chest.
cerebral - brain, A weakness in a blood vessel in the brain that balloons and fills with blood.
Functions of the body systems
Reproductive- Reproduction
Nervous/Sensory-Communication between and coordination of all the body systems
Integumentary -skinn Protects against damage
Muscular/Skeletal-Provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body
Kyphosis
abnormal condition of a hunchback
Laminectomy
spine surgery, removes lamina, the back part of a vertebra that covers your spinal canal.
Lordosis
Forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture
Lordosis may be caused by increased weight in the abdomen, such as during pregnancy.
Bursa
A bursa is a tiny, slippery sac of fluid that provides a cushion and reduces friction between the surfaces of a bone and soft tissue.
Syncope
temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure
Purpose of insulin
The major purpose of insulin is to regulate the body’s energy supply by balancing micronutrient levels during the fed state
Antibiotics
medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria
Corticosteroids
Commonly referred to as steroids, corticosteroids are a type of anti-inflammatory drug. They are typically used to treat rheumatologic diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or vasculitis
Bronchodilator
Bronchodilators are a type of medication that make breathing easier by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and widening the airways (bronchi)
Thrombolytics
Thrombolytics, sometimes referred to as “clot busters”, are medications used as an emergency treatment for strokes and heart attacks.
Epinephrine
Epinephrine injection is used for emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis)
Radiology
a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease.
Rheumatology
the study of rheumatism, arthritis, and other disorders of the joints, muscles, and ligaments.
Opthalmology
branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.
Orthopedic
branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.
Endocrinology
Endocrinology is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones.
Multiple Myeloma
A cancer of plasma cells.
Myocardial Infarction
heart attack
Angina
a condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart.
Types of fractures
ugh
Scoliosis
A sideways curvature of the spine.
Alzheimer Disease
Chronic, organic mental disorder that is a progressive form of presenile dementia caused by atrophy of the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain; also called cerebral degeneration
Multiple Sclerosis
Progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscle symptoms
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)
A brief stroke-like attack that, despite resolving within minutes to hours, still requires immediate medical attention to distinguish from an actual stroke.
Croup
An upper airway infection that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough.
Croup generally occurs in children.
Graves’ Disease
An immune system disorder of the butterfly-shaped gland in the throat (thyroid).
The thyroid overproduces hormones. The condition is more common in women under age 40.
Cushing’s Disease
A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time.
The most common cause is the use of steroid drugs, but it can also occur from overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
Diabetes Mellitus
A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose)
Glaucoma
Condition in which aqueous humor fails to drain properly and accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye, causing elevated intraocular pressure
leads to blindness
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test to detect anti-HIV antibodies)
Troponin
Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle)
Holter Monitor
Device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities
Defibrillator
Device designed to administer a defibrillating electric shock to restore normal SA
Defibrillation is a treatment for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
employs magnetic energy (without ionizing x-rays) to produce cross-sectional images.
ECG
HEART ELECTRODES
a record of the electrical impulses of the heart.
EEG
BRAIN ELECTRODES
Diagnostic procedure in which electrodes on the scalp record patterns of electrical activity within the brain
ESR
An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube that contains a blood sample.
Clavicle
collar bone
Patella
kneecap
Femur
thigh bone
Sternum
breastbone
Scapula
shoulder blade
Coccyx
tailbone
Sacrum
the triangular bone just below the lumbar vertebrae.
sternocleidomastoid
most superficial and largest muscle in the front portion of the neck
pectoralis
any of the muscles that connect the front walls of the chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder
biceps
a muscle on the front part of the upper arm.
brachioradialis
a superficial forearm muscle located in the lateral forearm.
external oblique
one of the outermost abdominal muscles,
rectus abdominis
the abs muscle, is a long muscle of the anterior abdominal wall.
rectus femoris
one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body.
sartorius
thin, long, superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh
quadricepts
large fleshy muscle group covering the front and sides of the thigh.
extensor digitorum longus
is a feather-like muscle of the anterior (extensor) compartment of leg.
tibialis
It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. This muscle is mostly located near the shin.
maxilla
the bone that forms your upper jaw
mandible
the largest bone in the human skull. It holds the lower teeth in place,
Ribs
ribcage
humerus
upper arm bone
radius
lower arm bone on thumb side
Ulna
lower arm bone pinky side
pelvis
basin-shaped structure that supports the spinal column and protects the abdominal organs.
tibia
shin bone
large bone of the lower leg
fibula
smaller bone of the lower leg
ciliary body
is a circular structure that is an extension of the iris, produces fluid
cornea
your eye’s clear, protective outer layer.
iris
The colored part of the eye which helps regulate the amount of light entering the eye.
lens
a nearly transparent biconvex structure suspended behind the iris of the eye, the sole function of which is to focus light rays onto the retina.
aqueous
a thin, watery fluid located in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.
sclera
the white outer coating of the eye.
vitreous body
clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball in humans and other vertebrates
retina
a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain
choroid
A thin layer of tissue that is part of the middle layer of the wall of the eye, between the sclera (white outer layer of the eye) and the retina
optic nerve
a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. You have one connecting the back of each eye (your retina) to your brain.
optic disc
The circular area in the back of the inside of the eye where the optic nerve connects to the retina.
