Exam 3 Flashcards
Hepat/o
Liver
Lingu/o
tongue
Lapar/o
abdomen
Lith/o
stone, calculus
Pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
Enter/o
intestine (usually small intestine)
Salping/o
tube ( Usually fallopian or eustachian (auditory) tubes)
Hyster/o
uterus (womb)
Cholecyst/o
gallbladder
Odont/o
teeth
Olig/o
scanty
Or/o
mouth
Nephr/o
kidney
Noct/o
night
-gravida
pregnant woman
-genesis
forming, producing, origin
-stomy
forming an opening (mouth)
- pepsia
digestion
-plasty
surgical repair
-orexia
appetite
Dysphagia
refers to painful swallowing
Lithotripsy
refers to surgically crushing a stone
Cystoscopy
a procedure inserting a tube through the urethra to visualize the bladder and obtain specimens for biopsy
Ureteroplasty
surgery to remove a narrowing stricture in the ureter
Gynecology
The branch of medicine that specializes in health care for women, especially the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the female reproductive system
Amniocentesis
Obstetric procedure that involves surgical puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance to remove amniotic fluid
In amniocentesis, cells of the fetus found in the fluid are cultured and studied to detect genetic abnormalities and maternal–fetal blood incompatibility.
Varicocele
dilated or enlarged vein of the spermatic cord
Epigastric
lying upon or over the stomach
Polycystic
pertaining to many cysts
kidney ???
Blood in the urine
urinalysis
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic hypertrophy
is a gradual enlargement of the prostate gland that normally occurs as a man ages. It is a common disorder in men ages greater than 60 years. The enlarged prostate compresses the urethra and causes the bladder to retain urine. Symptoms include an inability to empty the bladder completely and a weak urine stream.
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
is a collective term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and adjacent pelvic structures. This disease is usually caused by bacterial infection.
Inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
Vomiting blood
hematemesis
Sugar in the urine
glycosuria or glucosuria
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
a medical condition in which a person’s kidneys cease functioning on a permanent basis leading to the need for a regular course of long-term dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life.
Pus in the urine
Pyuria
Erythropoietin
also known as EPO, is a hormone that the kidneys produce to stimulate production and maintenance of crucial red blood cells.
Testosterone
male hormone produced by the testes
a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.
Estrogen
is a female hormone produced by the ovaries.
Ureters
the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca.
Placenta
an organ that develops in your uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to your growing baby and removes waste products from your baby’s blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of your uterus, and your baby’s umbilical cord arises from it.
Fallopian tubes
in a female mammal) either of a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
The fallopian tubes are bilateral conduits between the ovaries and the uterus in the female pelvis. They function as channels for oocyte transport and fertilization.
Prostate gland
The prostate gland is located just below the bladder in men and surrounds the top portion of the tube that drains urine from the bladder (urethra). The prostate’s primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm (seminal fluid).
vas deferens
The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Parts of the small intestine
Duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine that the stomach feeds into. …
Jejunum. The remaining small intestine lays in many coils inside the lower abdominal cavity. …
Ileum. The ileum is the last and longest section of the small intestine.
The small intestine is a continuation of the GI tract. It is where digestion of food is completed as nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through tiny, fingerlike projections called villi. Any unabsorbed material is passed on to the large intestine to be excreted from the body. There are three parts of the small intestine: the (1) duodenum, the (2) jejunum, and the (3) ileum.
Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a temporary storage reservoir for urine. It is located in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis, and below the parietal peritoneum. The size and shape of the urinary bladder varies with the amount of urine it contains and with the pressure it receives from surrounding organs.
Urethra
The urethra is the tube that allows urine to pass out of the body. In men, it’s a long tube that runs through the penis. It also carries semen in men. In women, it’s short and is just above the vagina.
Gallbladder
the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine.
Jejunum
the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum.
The primary function of the jejunum is to absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.
The jejunum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.
Pancreas
The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.
Colon
Large Intestine (Colon) The large intestine includes the colon, rectum and anus. It’s all one, long tube that continues from the small intestine as food nears the end of its journey through your digestive system. The large intestine turns food waste into stool and passes it from the body when you poop
Gestation
the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.
Fibroids
Noncancerous growths in the uterus that can develop during a woman’s childbearing years.
Ectopic pregnancy
A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.
The fertilized egg can’t survive outside the uterus. If left to grow, it may damage nearby organs and cause life-threatening loss of blood.
Formation of identical twins
To form identical or monozygotic twins, one fertilised egg (ovum) splits and develops into two babies with exactly the same genetic information.
Formation of fraternal twins
To form fraternal or dizygotic twins, two eggs (ova) are fertilised by two sperm and produce two genetically unique children
Vasectomy
Vasectomy is a medical sterilization procedure for men who are sure they don’t want a future pregnancy.
Fertilization
The stages of fertilization can be divided into four processes: 1) sperm preparation, 2) sperm-egg recognition and binding, 3) sperm-egg fusion and 4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and activation of the zygote.
Obstetrics
the branch of medicine and surgery concerned with childbirth and the care of women giving birth.
Catheterization
In cardiac catheterization (often called cardiac cath), your doctor puts a very small, flexible, hollow tube (called a catheter) into a blood vessel in the groin, arm, or neck. Then he or she threads it through the blood vessel into the aorta and into the heart. Once the catheter is in place, several tests may be done.
NPO
nothing by mouth
period of time in which you may not eat or drink anything
Fistula
A fistula is an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel and another structure. Fistulas are usually the result of an injury or surgery. Infection or inflammation can also cause a fistula to form.
Bariatric surgery
Gastric bypass and other weight-loss surgeries — known collectively as bariatric surgery — involve making changes to your digestive system to help you lose weight. Bariatric surgery is done when diet and exercise haven’t worked or when you have serious health problems because of your weight.
Cause of jaundice
Jaundice is caused by too much bilirubin in the blood.
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice
Abruptio placenta
A serious pregnancy complication in which the placenta detaches from the womb (uterus).
Placental abruption occurs when the placenta detaches from the inner wall of the womb before delivery. The condition can deprive the baby of oxygen and nutrients.
Dilation and curettage (D&C)
procedure to remove tissue from your uterus.
might need if has miscarriage
Dilation and curettage refers to the dilation of the cervix and surgical removal of part of the lining of the uterus and/or contents of the uterus by scraping and scooping.
Crohn’s Disease
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
Crohn’s disease can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, and fatigue. Some people may be symptom free most of their lives, while others can have severe chronic symptoms that never go away.
Azotemia
Elevated levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds in the blood.
Dialysis
Dialysis is a procedure to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys stop working properly. It often involves diverting blood to a machine to be cleaned
Celiac disease
An immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
Over time, the immune reaction to eating gluten creates inflammation that damages the small intestine’s lining, leading to medical complications. It also prevents absorption of some nutrients (malabsorption).
Oophoroma
A tumor of the ovary.
Antiemetics
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer
