Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Semester 2 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chemistry

A

the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is chemistry also known as?

A

the central science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 traditional areas of chemistry?

A

organic, inorganic, biochemistry, analytical, and physical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is inorganic chemistry?

A

study of chemicals in general

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is biochemistry?

A

the study of the processes that take place in living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is analytical chemistry?

A

the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is physical chemistry?

A

the area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pure chemistry

A

is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

applied chemistry

A

research that is directed toward a practical goal or application.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are chemistry big main ideas?

A 
chemistry as a central science
electrons and structure of atoms
bonding and interactions
reactions
kinetic theory
the mole and quantifying matter
matter and energy
carbon chemistry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are elements composed of?

A

particles called atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are chemical compounds?

A

collections of two or more elements held together by relatively strong attractive forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can chemistry be useful in doing?

A

explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

technology

A

is the means by which a society provided its members with those things needed and desired.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can modern research lead to?

A

technologies that aim to benefit the environment, conserve and produce energy, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the word chemistry come from?

A

the word alchemy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what was the alchemists’ goal in their study?

A

searching how to turn metals into gold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what did Lavoisier do?

A

helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

scientific methodology

A

is a general style of investigation with a logical systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem. involves making observations, proposing and testing hypotheses, and developing theories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hypothesis

A

is a proposed explanation for an observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

experiment

A

a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

independent variable

A

the variable that you change during an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

dependent variable

A

the variable that is observed during the experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

theory

A

a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

scientific law

A

a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

gas increases with a change in what

A

temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the steps for solving a numeric word problem:

A

analyze, calculate, evaluate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the steps to solve a non-numeric word problem?

A

analyze and solve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

mass

A

is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

volume

A

is a measure of the space occupied by the object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

extensive property

A

a property the depends on the amount of matter in a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

intensive property

A

is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

substance

A

matter that has uniform and definite composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what does every sample of a given substance have?

A

identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

malleable

A

means they can be hammered into sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

physical property

A

is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what are the three states of matter

A

liquid, gas, solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

solid

A

a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
expand when heated
orderly arrangement
incompressible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

liquid

A 
a form of matter of a liquid is fixed or constant
not rigid or orderly
shape of container
foxed or constant
expend slightly when heated
incompressible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

gas

A

a form of matter that take both the shape and volume of its container.
shape of container
gas can expand to fill any volume
easily compressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is the term gas used for

A

substance, like oxygen, that exist in the gaseous state at room temp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

vapor

A

describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

physical change

A

some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

how can physical changes be classified

A

reversible or irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

mixture

A

a physical blend of two or more components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

how can mixtures be classified

A

heterogenous or homogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

heterogenous

A

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

homogenous mixture

A

a mixture in which the composition is uniform thoughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

solution

A

another name for a homogenous mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

phase

A

descibe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

how many phases does a homogenous mixture consist of?

A

single phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

how many phases does a hetrogenous mixture consist of?

A

two or more phases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what can be used to seperate mixtures

A

differences in physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

filtration

A

the process that seperates a solid from the liquid in a heterogenous mixture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

distillation

A

liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid.

58
Q

element

A

is the simpliest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

59
Q

compound

A

a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion.

60
Q

chemical change

A

a change that produces matter with different composition than the original matter.

61
Q

What is one of the way to break down compounds into simpler substances

A

heating

62
Q

what element cannot be broken down into simpler substances

A

carbon.

63
Q

in general the properties of compounds are quite different from those of their component elements.

A

………

64
Q

physical methods that are used to sperate mixtures be used to break a compound into simpler substances

A

…….

65
Q

if the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance. if the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture

A

…..

66
Q

what do chemists use to represent elements? compounds?

A

chemical symbols

chemical formulas

67
Q

chemical symbol

A

each element is represented by a one or two letter symbol

68
Q

because a compound has a fixed composition, the formula for a compound is always the same.

A

…….

69
Q

periodic table

A

an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties.

70
Q

What does the periodic table allow you to compare

A

the properties of one element to another element

71
Q

period

A

each horizontial row of the period table. 7

72
Q

group

A

each vertical column of the periodic table or family. elements within a group have similar chemical and physical properties.

73
Q

chemical property

A

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.

74
Q

what can be used to identify a substance

A

chemical properties.

75
Q

during a chemical change, the compostion of matter always changes.

A

…….

76
Q

what is a chemical change also called

A

chemical reaction

77
Q

chemical reaction

A

one or more substaces change into one or more new substances

78
Q

reactant

A

a substance present at the start of the reaction

79
Q

product

A

a substance produced in the reaction

80
Q

possible clues to chemical change include a transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of gas, or the formation of a precipate.

A

……..

81
Q

what does every chemical change involve?

A

a transfer of energy

82
Q

precipate

A

a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.

83
Q

energy is always transfers when matter changes from one state to another.

A

…

84
Q

during any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.

A

……

85
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved. mass never created or destroyed.

86
Q

measurement

A

a quantity that has both mumber and unit

87
Q

scientific notation

A

a given number is written as the product of two numbers. a coefficient and 10 raised to a power.

88
Q

in scientific notation, the coefficent is always a number greater than or equal to one and less than ten. the exponent is an integer.

A

………

89
Q

when writing numbers greater than ten in scientific notation, the exponent is positive and equals the number of places that the original decimal point has been moved to the left.

A

…….

90
Q

numbers less than one have a negative exponent when written in scientific notation. the value of the exponent equals the number of places the decimal has been moved to the right.

A

///////

91
Q

multiplying numbers in scientific notation

A

multiply coefficents and add exponents.

92
Q

accuracy

A

a measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual or true value of whatever is measured

93
Q

precision

A

a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another, irrespective of the actual value.

94
Q

to evaulte the accuracy of the measurement, the measured value just be compared to the correct value. the evaulte the precision of the measurement, you must compare the values of two or more repeated measurements.

A

……..

95
Q

accepted value

A

the correct value for the measurement based on reliable references.

96
Q

experimental value

A

the value measured in the lab

97
Q

error

A

difference between the experimental value and the accepted value

98
Q

error can be positive or negetive depending on whether the experiment value is greater

A

………

99
Q

percent error

A

measurement is the absolute value of the error divided by the accepted value, multiplied by 100%.

100
Q

significant figures

A

a measurement includes all of the digits that are known, plus the last digit that is estimated.

101
Q

measurements must always be reported to the correct number of significant figures because calculated answers often depend on the number of significant figures in the values used in the calculation.

A

……

102
Q

what are the rules for determining significant figures.

A
  1. every nonzero digit
  2. zero appearing between nonzero digits.
  3. leftmost zeros appearing in front of nonzero digits.
  4. zeros at end of the number and to the right of the decimal point.
  5. zeros at rightmost end of measurement that lie to left of the decimal point.
  6. there are two situations in which numbers have an unlimited number of sig figs. defined quantities and counted numbers.
103
Q

the position of the decimal point is not sig with the rounding of numbers when multiplying and dividing. it is important when rounding addition or subtraction.

A

……..

104
Q

the international system of units.

A

a revised version of the metric system.

105
Q

meter

A

the basic unit of length, or linear measure

106
Q

volume

A

the space occupied by any sample of matter

107
Q

how do you calculate the volume

A

the multiplying length by width and height.

108
Q

liter

A

the volume of a cube that is 10 centimeters along each edge.

109
Q

kilogram

A

the mass of an object is measured in comparison to a standard mass, which is the basic SI unit of mass.

110
Q

weight

A

is a force that measures the pull on a given mass by gravity.

111
Q

energy

A

the capacity to o work or to produce heat

112
Q

joule

A

the SI unit of energy

113
Q

calorie

A

the quantity of heat that raised the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1 C.

114
Q

temperature

A

a measure of how hot or cold an object is.

115
Q

What does the temperature of an object determine?

A

the direction of heat transfer.

116
Q

when two objects at different temperatures are in contact, heat moves from the object at the higher temp to the object at the lower temp.

A

….

117
Q

scientists commonly use two equivalent units of temp, the degree Celsius and the kelvin.

A

……

118
Q

Celsius scale

A

the freezing point of water at 0 C and the boiling point of water at 100 C.

119
Q

kelvin scale

A

the freezing point of water is 273.15 kelvons and the boiling point Is 373.15 K.

120
Q

absolute zero

A

equal to -273.15 C

121
Q

density

A

the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

122
Q

density is an intensive property that depends only on the composition of a substance, not on the size of the sample.

A

………

123
Q

what does a gas filled balloon depend on

A

the density of the gas compares with the density of air.

124
Q

the volume of most substances increases as the temperature increases.

A

……

125
Q

the mass remains the same despite the temperature and volume changes.

A

…….

126
Q

the density decreases with what

A

increase in temperature.

127
Q

what is needed for the volume of water to increase

A

temperature decreases

128
Q

conversion factors

A

a ratio of equivalent measurements.

129
Q

whenever two measurements are equivalent, a ratio of the two measurements will equal 1

A

…..

130
Q

when a measurement is multiplied by a conversion factor, the numerical value is generally changed, but the actual size of the quantity measured remains the same.

A

……..

131
Q

what conversion do you use to convert between Kelvin and celsius

A

C=K-273

132
Q

dimensional analysis

A

way to analyze and solve problems using the units, dimensions, of the measurements.

133
Q

dimensional analysis is a powerful tool for solving conversion problems in which a measurement with one unit is changed to an equivalent measurement with another unit.

A

………

134
Q

what is all matter composed of?

A

particles, called atoms

135
Q

atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction.

136
Q

how did democritus see atoms

A

as indivisible and indestructible

137
Q

what is daltons atomic theory?

A

all elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms
atoms of the same element are identical
atoms of different elements can physically mix together or chemically combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.
chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated from each other, joined, or rearranged in a different combination

138
Q

what are three kinds of subatomic particles

A

electron, neutrons, and protons.

139
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged subatomic particles.

140
Q

protons

A

positively charged subatomic particles

141
Q

neutrons

A

subatomic particles with no charge but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton.

Chemistry Semester 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions