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Chemistry Semester 2 > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

how do you measure matter?

A

determine mass, or volume

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2
Q

what is matter composed of?

A

atoms, molecules, ions.

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3
Q

mole

A

6.02 *10^23 representative particles of that substance and is the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance.

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4
Q

avogadros number

A

the number of representative particles in a mole, 6.02*10^23

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5
Q

representative particles

A

refers to the species presnt in a substance, usually atoms, molecules, or formula units.

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6
Q

what is the representative particle of most elements?

A

atom

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7
Q

what is the representative particle of all molecular compounds?

A

molecule

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8
Q

What does the mole allow chemists to do?

A

count the number of representative particles in a substance.

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9
Q

what is the conversion to convert between representative particles and moles?

A

1 mol over 6.02*10^23

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10
Q

what must you know to determine how many atoms are in a mole of a compound?

A

you must know how many atoms are in a representative particle of a compound.

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11
Q

What must you do to find the number of atoms in a given number of moles of a compound?

A

you must first determine the number of representative particles.

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12
Q

What must you do to convert the number of moles of a compound to the number of representative particles?

A

multiply the number of moles by 6.02*10^23 representative particles. multiply the number of representative particles by the number of atoms in each molecule or formula unit.

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13
Q

what is the atomic mass expressed in?

A

atomic mass units.

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14
Q

what is the atomic mass of an element expressed in grams

A

the mass of a mole of the element

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15
Q

molar mass

A

the mass of a mole of an element

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16
Q

What must the molar mass of any two elements contain?

A

the same number of atoms.

17
Q

What does the molar mass of any element contain?

A

1 mol or 6.02*10^23 atoms

18
Q

What is molar mass

A

the mass of 1 mol of atoms of any element

19
Q

What is the molar mass of any compound

A

is the mass in grams of 1 mol of that compound

20
Q

how do you calculate the molar mass of a compound?

A

find the number of grams of each element in one mole of the compound. then add the masses of the elements in the compound.

21
Q

What is the molar mass of any substance the same as?

A

the mass in grams of one mole of that substance.

22
Q

Use the molar mass of an element or compound to convert between

A

the mass of a substance and the moles of the substance.

23
Q

avogadros hypothesis

A

states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.

24
Q

What do volumes of gas vary with?

A

a change in temperature or a change in pressure.

25
Q

standerd temperature and pressure.

A

means a temperature of 0 C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere.

26
Q

molar volume

A

volume of 22.4 L

27
Q

the molar volume is used to convert between what?

A

the number of moles of gas and the volume of the gas at STP

28
Q

what is the density of gas measured in?

A

grams per liter

29
Q

the density of a gas at STP and the molar volume at STP can be used to calculate

A

the molar mass of the gas.

30
Q

percent compostion

A

the relative amounts of the elements or the percent by mass of each element in the compound.

31
Q

What can you calculate if you know the relative masses of each element in a compound?

A

you cna calculate the percent composition of the compound.

32
Q

The percent by mass of an element in a compound

A

the number of grams of the element divided by the mass in grams of the compound, multiplied by 100%

33
Q

what can you use percent composition to calculate?

A

the number of grams of any element in a specific mass of a compound.

34
Q

empirical formula

A

gives the lowest whole number ratio of the atoms or moles of the elements in a compound.

35
Q

what does the molecular formula tell?

A

the actual number of each kind of atom present in a molecule of a compound.

36
Q

What can percent composition be used to calculate?

A

the empiracal formula of that compound

37
Q

What does the percent compostion tell?

A

the ratio of masses of the elements in a compound.

Chemistry Semester 2 (5 decks)

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