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Chemistry Semester 2 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all chemical reactions involve?

A

changing substances

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2
Q

What is involved in a chemical reaction?

A

one or more reactants change into one or more products.

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3
Q

How do chemists use chemical equations?

A

to convey as much information as possible about what happens in a chemical reaction.

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4
Q

What is a word equation?

A

the shorthand way for writing a description of a chemical reaction.

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5
Q

How is a word equation written?

A

reactants are written on the left side and the products on the right. arow separating them

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6
Q

what is gas evidence of?

A

chemical change

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7
Q

What is a chemical equation?

A

a representation of a chemical reaction: the formulas of the reactants are connected by an arrow with the formulas of the products.

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8
Q

What is a skeleton equation?

A

a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products. shows just the formulas of the reactants and products

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9
Q

How do you write a skeleton equation?

A

write the chemical formula for the reactants to the left and the yields sign and the formulas for the products to the right.

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10
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction. neither a reactant nor a product, so its formula is written above the arrow in a chemical equation.

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11
Q

What is a coefficient?

A

small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it.

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12
Q

What is a balanced equation?

A

each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved.

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13
Q

What does John Dalton’s atomic theory state?

A

that as reactants are converted to products, the bonds holding the atoms together are broken, and new bonds are formed.

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14
Q

How do you write a balanced chemical equation?

A

first, write the skeleton equation, then use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.

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15
Q

What are the rules for writing and balancing equations?

A
  1. determine the correct formula for all reactants and products
  2. write the skeleton equation by placing the formulas for the reactants on the left and the formulas for the products on the right with yield signs.
  3. determine the number of atoms of each element in the reactants and products.
  4. balance the elements one at a time by using coefficients. balance elements that appear only once on each side of the equation first.
  5. check each atom or polyatomic atom to be sure that the number is equal on both sides of the equation.
  6. make sure all the coefficients are in the lowest possible ratio.
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16
Q

What are the five general types of reactions?

A

combination, decomposition, single- replacement, double- replacement, combustion

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17
Q

What is a combination reaction?

A

a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance.

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18
Q

What is the product in a combination reaction?

A

a single substance.

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19
Q

When might more than one product result from a combination reaction?

A

transition metal and a nonmetal.

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20
Q

some nonmetal oxides react with water to produce an acid, a compound that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.

A

……

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21
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products

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22
Q

What do decomposition reactions involve?

A

only one reactant and two or more products

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23
Q

What can products of decomposition be?

A

any combination or elements and compounds

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24
Q

What do most decomposition reactions require?

A

the energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity

25
Q

What is a single replacement reaction?

A

a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound

26
Q

You can identify a single replacement reaction by what?

A

noting that both the reactants and the products consist of an element and a compound.

27
Q

What is the activity series?

A

lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity

28
Q

What is a double replacement reaction?

A

a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds

29
Q

When do double replacement reactions take place?

A

in aqueous solution and often produce a precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water.

30
Q

What must occur for a double replacement reaction?

A
  1. one of the products is only slightly soluble and precipitates from the solution
  2. one of the products in gas
  3. one product is a molecular compound such as water
31
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light.

32
Q

what does a combustion reaction involve?

A

oxygen as a reactant

33
Q

What will happen if the supply of oxygen is limited during a reaction?

A

the combustion will not be complete

34
Q

the reactions between oxygen and some elements other than carbon are also examples of combustion reactions.

A

……

35
Q

the number of elements and compounds reacting is a good indicator of possible reaction type and thus possible products.

A

…..

36
Q

What happens in a combination reaction?

A

two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

37
Q

What happens in a decomposition reaction?

A

a single compound is a reactant. two or more substances are the products.

38
Q

What are the reactants in a single replacement reaction?

A

and element and a compound. (a different element and new compound are products)

39
Q

What are the reactants in a double replacement reaction?

A

two ionic compounds. two new compounds are products.

40
Q

What are the reactants in a combustion reaction?

A

oxygen and usually a hydrocarbon

41
Q

What are the products of most combustion reactions?

A

carbon dioxide and water

42
Q

What are the reactants of a combination reaction?

A

generally two elements, or to compounds

43
Q

What are the reactants of a decomposition reaction?

A

generally a single binary compound or a compound with a polyatomic ion

44
Q

What are the reactants of a single replacement reaction?

A

an element and a compound

an element replaces another element from a compound in an aqueous solution.

45
Q

What are the reactants of a double replacement reaction?

A

two ionic compounds react by exchanging cations to form two different compounds.

46
Q

What are the reactants of a combustion reaction?

A

Oxygen and a combination of C, H, O

47
Q

What are the products of a combination reaction?

A

a single compound

48
Q

What are the products of a decomposition reaction?

A

two elements or two or more elements or compounds

49
Q

What are the products of a single replacement reaction?

A

a different element and a new compound

50
Q

What are the products of a double replacement reaction?

A

two new compounds. formation of a precipitate, or water.

51
Q

What are the products of a combustion reaction?

A

with incomplete combustion, C and CO may also be products.

52
Q

like most ionic compounds, the reactants and one of the products dissociate, or separate, into cations and anions when they dissolve in water.

A

…..

53
Q

What is a complete ionic equation?

A

an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions.

54
Q

What is a spectator ion?

A

an ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction

55
Q

What is a net ionic equation?

A

an equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change.

56
Q

What must you do in writing a balanced net ionic equation?

A

you must make sure that the ionic charge is balanced

57
Q

a net ionic equation shows only those particles involved in the reaction and is balanced with respect to both mass and charge.

A

……..

58
Q

what does forming precipitate depend on?

A

the solubility of the new compounds that form

59
Q

by using the general rules for the solubility of ionic compounds, you can predict the formation of a precipitate.

A

……….

Chemistry Semester 2 (5 decks)

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