FINAL 01 - Special Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis Flashcards
Is the residue, consisting chiefly of cellulose that remains undissolved after successive treatment with boiling acid and alkali
Crude fiber
Principle involved - Cocoa
Gravimetric analysis
Sample - Cocoa
Cocoa powder
Scientific name - Cocoa
Theobroma cacao L.
Family - Cocoa
Sterculiaceae
Is used as an emmenagogue, emollient, and nutritive
Cocoa
Crude fiber limit
7% of ether-insoluble residue
Represents the volatile oil of the drug
Volatile ether-soluble extractives
Represents the active constituents associated with volatile matter such as fixed oils, resins, and coloring matter
Non-volatile ether-soluble extractives
Cocoa NVESE limit
10-22% of NVESE
Temperature at which ether boils
35°C
Is defined as the number of milligrams of KOH necessary to neutralize the free acids of 1g of oil, fat, wax, resin, etc.
Acid value/acid number/acidity index
Refers to the number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the free acids and saponify the esters contained in 1g of oil, fat, wax, resin, etc.
Saponification value/Saponification number/Koettsdorfer number
Is the number of milligrams of KOH required to saponify the esters in 1g of fatty or volatile oil, fat, wax, balsam, etc.
Ester value/Ester number
Scientific name - Peppermint
Mentha x piperita
Family - Peppermint
Lamiaceae
Species name of peppermint which means ‘peppery’
Piperita
Limit - Peppermint oil
not less than 5% menthyl acetate; not less than 50% of total menthol
3 esters found in volatile oils
Linolol, Menthol, Santolol
The number of grams of iodine absorbed under specified conditions by 100g of oil, fat, wax, or other substances
Iodine value/Iodine number
Has an iodine value of above 120
Drying oil
3 examples of drying oil
Linseed, Fish, Cod-liver
Has an iodine value of 100-120
Semidrying oil
Has an iodine value of below 100
Non-drying oil
2 examples of non-drying oil
Cottonseed, Sesame
Fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit of Olea europaea Linne
Olive oil
Scientific name for olive
Olea europaea Linne
Family - Olive
Oleaceae
Is present in olive oil
Oleic acid
Iodine value USP specification of olive oil
Between 79-88
Principle - Olive oil
Iodometry
Indicator - Olive oil
Starch TS
Endpoint - Olive oil
Disappearance of blue color
Scientific name of watermint
Mentha aquatica
Scientific name of spearmint
Mentha spicata
Main constituent of peppermint oil
Menthol
Sample/analyte - Assay of peppermint oil
Peppermint oil
Used in the washing of the analyte - Assay of peppermint oil
Sodium carbonate
Indicator - Assay of peppermint oil
Phenolphthalein
Involved in acetylation and saponification - Assay of peppermint oil
Acetic anhydride, sodium acetate (anhydrous)
Alkalinizer - Assay of peppermint oil
Alcoholic KOH solution
Titrant - Assay of peppermint oil
Standard HCl solution
Used in the test for dryness - Assay of peppermint oil
Anhydrous sodium, Anhydrous cupric sulfate
Refers to the analysis of a sample material using a set of chemical procedures
Assay
Is used as an insect attractant, UV absorber, biocide, and antiseptic
Eugenol
Principle - Assay of clove oil
Saponification
Sample - Assay of clove oil
Clove oil
Scientific name of clove
Syzygium aromaticum
2 common name of Syzygium aromaticum
Clove, Caryophyllus
USP specification of clove oil
Not less than 85% volume of total phenolic substance
Is designed for the Babcock test procedure
Babcock bottle
Correction factor of 8 division babcock
0.21
Correction factor of 10 division babcock
0.105
Is a dehydrating agent that serves to salt out on any volatile oil from the diluted alcoholic mixture
Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
Is the process which involves the application of the centripetal force for the sedimentation of heterogenous mixtures with a centrifuge machine
Centrifugation
Is a piece of laboratory equipment which spins liquid samples at a high speed
Centrifuge machine
Are complex products composed of mixtures of compounds of widely variant chemical characteristics
Volatile oils
Determined by pycnometer or Mohr Westphal balance
Specific gravity
To determine adulteration
Optical activity; Rotatory power
Measured by means of a refractometer to detect the presence of extraneous matter
Refractive index
For oils with large amounts of readily crystallizable constituents, a higher congealing point is desired
Congealing point
Official standards usually designate the temperature or temperature range at which a definite percentage of the oil is distilled
Distillation range/limits
Involves the determination of purity by separating the various components of the volatile oil and adulterants
Fractional distillation
Volatile oils are generally miscible in organic solvents
Solubility
2 uses of peppermint spirit
Carminative, Flavoring agent
Scientific name of coffee
Coffea arabica
Family of coffee
Rubiaceae
Is a bitter substance that has many effects on the body’s metabolism
Caffeine
Are molecular compounds that are derived either naturally or synthetically from xanthine
Methylxanthines
Family - Clove
Myrtaceae
Ester value - Baron vegetable oil
234.13
Ester value - Gino vegetable oil
234.53
Ester value - Gino vegetable oil
234.53
Ester value - Ideal vegetable oil
206.70
Ester value - Grand vegetable oil
245.14
Ester value - Grand vegetable oil
245.14
Ester value - Grand vegetable oil
245.14