FINAL 01 - Adjusting Tonicity

Question 1

Refers to the osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane

Answer 1

Tonicity

Question 2

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids

Answer 2

Isotonic

Question 3

A solution with lower osmotic pressure; leads to cell swelling (hemolysis)

Answer 3

Hypotonic

Question 4

A solution with higher osmotic pressure; leads to cell shrinkage (crenation)

Answer 4

Hypertonic

Question 5

__________ solutions must match blood osmolarity to prevent harm to red blood cells

Answer 5

IV

Question 6

__________ solutions should be isotonic with tears to avoid irritation

Answer 6

Ophthalmic

Question 7

___________ solutions help avoid further cellular damage to tissues

Answer 7

Wound irrigation

Question 8

NaCl equivalent method (Class I or II)

Answer 8

Class I

Question 9

Cryoscopic/Freezing point depression method (Class I or II)

Answer 9

Class I

Question 10

White Vincent method (Class I or II)

Answer 10

Class II

Question 11

Sprowl’s method (Class I or II)

Answer 11

Class II

Question 12

NaCl or some other solute is added to the solution of the drug to make it isotonic with body fluids (Class I method)

Answer 12

NaCl equivalent method

Question 13

Value that represents the amount of NaCl that is equivalent in tonicity to 1 gram of drug

Answer 13

E value

Question 14

Solutions that are isotonic with body fluids have a freezing point of __________

Answer 14

-0.52°C

Question 15

__________ is the weakest acid among the hydrogen halides

Answer 15

HF

Question 16

Class of adjusting tonicity wherein distilled water is added to the drug in a sufficient amount to make an isotonic solution

Answer 16

Class II

Question 17

__________ is a critical process in pharmacy to ensure that solutions are isotonic with bodily fluids

Answer 17

Tonicity adjustment

Question 18

This method adjusts tonicity by determining the volume of water required to make a solution isotonic based on the weight of the solute (Class II method)

Answer 18

White Vincent method

Question 19

It is a derived method from White Vincent method (Class II method)

Answer 19

Sprowl’s method

Question 20

The __________ factor in Sprowl’s method reflects a standardized adjustment based on typical solute behavior and formulation practices

Answer 20

0.3