File 8

Question 1

Innate

Answer 1

Determined by factors present from birth

Question 2

Innateness Hypothesis

Answer 2

A hypothesis that humans are generally predisposed to learn and use language.

Question 3

Imitation Theory

Answer 3

Child language acquisition Child language acquisition theory that claims that children acquire language by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear.

Question 4

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 4

Theory of child language acquisition which says that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded, or otherwise reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong ones.

Question 5

Active construction of a grammar theory

Answer 5

Theory of child language which says that children acquire language by inventing rules of grammar based on the speech around them.

Question 6

Connectionist Theory

Answer 6

Theory of language acquisition which claims that children learn language through neural connections in the brain. A child develops such connections by through exposure to language and by using language.

Question 7

Social Interaction Theory

Answer 7

Theory of language acquisition that claims that children acquire language through social interaction- in particular with older children and adults- and prompt their caregivers to supply them with the appropriate language experience they need.

Question 8

Linguistic Universal

Answer 8

Property believed to be held in common by al natural languages.

Question 9

Universal Grammar

Answer 9

The theory that posits a set of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural languages.

Question 10

Critical Period

Answer 10

Age span, usually described as lasting from birth to the onset of puberty, during which children must have exposure to language and must build the critical brain structures necessary in order to gain native speaker competence in a language.

Question 11

Neglected Child

Answer 11

A child who is neglected by caretakers, often resulting in significantly lower exposure to a language as a child.

Question 12

Feral Child

Answer 12

Child who grew up in the wild without care by human adults, often with animals.

Question 13

Homesign

Answer 13

A rudimentary visual-gestural communication system that is developed and used by deaf children and their families when a signed language is not made available for their communication.

Question 14

Imitation Theory

Answer 14

Child language acquisition theory that claims that children acquire language by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear.

Question 15

Rules

Answer 15

A formal statement of an observed generalization about patterns in language.

Question 16

Child directed speech

Answer 16

Speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants.

Question 17

High Amplitude Sucking

Answer 17

Experimental technique used to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to about six months.

Question 18

Conditioned Head Turn Procedure

Answer 18

Experimental technique usually used with infants between five and eighteen months with two phases: conditioning and testing.

Question 19

Babbling

Answer 19

A phase in child language acquisition during which the child produces meaningless sequences of consonants and vowels.

Question 20

Canonical Babbling

Answer 20

The continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like [mamama] by infants.

Question 21

Variegated Babbling

Answer 21

Production of meaningless consonant- vowel sequences by infants.

Question 22

Holophrastic Stage

Answer 22

Stage in first-language acquisition during which children can produce only one word at a time.

Question 23

Holphrase

Answer 23

A one-word sentence.

Question 24

Telegraphic stage

Answer 24

A phase during which child language acquisition in which children use utterances composed primarily of content words.

Question 25

Telegraphic Utterances

Answer 25

Utterances containing primarily content words.

Question 26

Overgeneralizations

Answer 26

In the study of child language acquisition, a relationship between child and adult application of rules relative to certain contexts: a process in which children extend the application of linguistic rules to context beyond those in the adult language.

Question 27

Interrogative

Answer 27

A kind of sentence that expresses a question.

Question 28

Complex Concept

Answer 28

A term used in the study of language acquisition. A group of items that a child refers to with a single words for which it is not possible to single out any one unifying property.

Question 29

Overextension

Answer 29

In the study of child language acquisition, a relationship between child and adult perception of word meaning: the child’s application of a given word has a wider range than the application of the same word in adult language.

Question 30

Underextension

Answer 30

Application of a word to a smaller set of objects than is appropriate for mature adult speech or the usual definition of the word.

Question 31

Relational Term

Answer 31

Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 32

Deictic Expressions

Answer 32

Word or expression that takes its meaning relative to the time, place and speaker of the utterance.

Question 33

Fossilization

Answer 33

Process through which forms from a speaker’s non-native language usage become fixed and do not change, even after years of instruction.

Question 34

Foreign Accent

Answer 34

An accent that is marked by the phonology of another language or other languages that are more familiar to the speaker.

Question 35

Second- language acquisition

Answer 35

Acquisition of a second language as a teenager or adult.

Question 36

Code- Switching

Answer 36

Using words of structural elements from more than one language within the same conversation.

Question 37

Sequential Bilingualism

Answer 37

Bilingualism in which the second language is acquired as a young child.

Question 38

Simultaneous Bilingualism

Answer 38

Bilingualism in which both languages are acquired from infancy.

Question 39

Multilingual

Answer 39

The state of commanding three or more languages; having linguistic competence in three or more languages.

Question 40

Conversational Turn

Answer 40

The contribution to a conversation made by one speaker from the time that she takes the floor from another speaker to the time that she passes the floor onto another speaker.