File 6 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Principle of Compositionality
The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.
Pure Intersection
The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.
Intersective adjectives
- An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.
Subsective adjectives
Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.
Relative intersection
Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.
Non- intersection adjective
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things
Anti- intersection adjectives
An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.
Lexical semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.
Compositional semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions, and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.
Referents
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.
Mental image definition
A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.
Usage-based definition
A characterization of a word’ sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers of a language.
Hyponymy
A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y.
Sister Terms
Words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy, i.e. have exactly the same hypernyms
Synonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.
Antonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposites.
Gradable antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.
Converses
Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of a second word.
Proposition
The sense expressed by a sentence Can be true or false.
Truth Value
Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.
Truth conditions
The set of conditions that would have to h old in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.
Entailment
A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another preposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well.
Incompatibility
The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.
Mutual entailment
The relationship between two propositions where the entail one another.