File 6

Question 1

Principle of Compositionality

Answer 1

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 2

Pure Intersection

Answer 2

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.

Question 3

Intersective adjectives

Answer 3

• An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 4

Subsective adjectives

Answer 4

Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.

Question 5

Relative intersection

Answer 5

Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 6

Non- intersection adjective

Answer 6

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things

Question 7

Anti- intersection adjectives

Answer 7

An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.

Question 8

Lexical semantics

Answer 8

A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.

Question 9

Compositional semantics

Answer 9

A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions, and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 10

Referents

Answer 10

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.

Question 11

Mental image definition

Answer 11

A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.

Question 12

Usage-based definition

Answer 12

A characterization of a word’ sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers of a language.

Question 13

Hyponymy

Answer 13

A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y.

Question 14

Sister Terms

Answer 14

Words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy, i.e. have exactly the same hypernyms

Question 15

Synonymy

Answer 15

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.

Question 16

Antonymy

Answer 16

A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposites.

Question 17

Gradable antonyms

Answer 17

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.

Question 18

Converses

Answer 18

Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of a second word.

Question 19

Proposition

Answer 19

The sense expressed by a sentence Can be true or false.

Question 20

Truth Value

Answer 20

Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.

Question 21

Truth conditions

Answer 21

The set of conditions that would have to h old in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 22

Entailment

Answer 22

A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another preposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well.

Question 23

Incompatibility

Answer 23

The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 24

Mutual entailment

Answer 24

The relationship between two propositions where the entail one another.

Question 25

Dictionary-style definition

Answer 25

Defines words in terms of other words, but also reflects the way the speakers of a language really use that word.

Question 26

Sense

Answer 26

A mental representation of an expressions meaning.

Question 27

Reference

Answer 27

A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world.

Question 28

Prototype

Answer 28

• For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of the set.

Question 29

Reverses

Answer 29

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that does “undoes” the movement suggested by the other.

Question 30

Compositional Meaning

Answer 30

The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined.