File 2

Question 1

X-Ray Photography

Answer 1

X-rays used in conjunction with sound film. The use of this technique can reveal the details of the functioning of the vocal apparatus. The entirety of how a sound is produced is revealed and can actually be seen as it happens.

Question 2

Palatography

Answer 2

Experimental method that shows the contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth.

Question 3

Sound spectrograph

Answer 3

Equipment that generates spectrograms from speech input.

Question 4

Monophthongs

Answer 4

A simple vowel, composed of a single configuration of the vocal organs.

Question 5

Diphthongs

Answer 5

A complex vowel, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal organs.

Question 6

Articulation

Answer 6

The motion or positioning of some part of the vowel tract with respect to some other part of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound.

Question 7

Segmental features

Answer 7

A phonetic characteristic of speech sounds, such as voicing, place of articulation, rounding, etc.

Question 8

Larynx

Answer 8

Cartilage and muscle located at the top of the trachea, containing the vocal folds and the glottis; commonly referred to as the voice box.

Question 9

Voicing

Answer 9

Vibration of the approximated vocal folds caused by air passing through them. When the vocal folds vibrate, a voiced sound is produced; when the vocal fold does not vibrate, a voiceless sound is produced.

Question 10

Retroflex

Answer 10

Sound produced by curling the tip of the tongue back behind the alveolar ridge usually to the top of the mouth.

Question 11

Glide

Answer 11

Sound produced with a constriction in the vocal tract that is only slightly more constricted than that of vowels.

Question 12

Static Palatography

Answer 12

Experimental method that displays the contact resulting from a single articulatory gesture between the tongue and the hard palate.

Question 13

Vowel Space

Answer 13

Range of possible vowel sounds of a language from the high front vowel to the high back vowel. Languages and dialects choose a subset of possibilities in the vowel space but do not exploit all possibilities.

Question 14

Nasal (speech sound)

Answer 14

Sound produced by making a complete obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity and lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nasal cavity.

Question 15

Nasalized vowel

Answer 15

Vowel produced while lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nasal cavity.

Question 16

Tone language

Answer 16

Language that uses pitches contrast on syllables to signal a difference in word meaning.

Question 17

Tone

Answer 17

Pitch at which the syllable of a word is pronounced; can make a difference in meaning.

Question 18

Periodic Wave

Answer 18

Sound wave that repeats itself at regular intervals.

Question 19

Fundamental Frequency

Answer 19

The rate at which the vocal folds vibrate during voicing. The frequency of repetition of a periodic wave.

Question 20

Harmonic

Answer 20

Overtone of the fundamental frequency of the vocal tract; multiple of the fundamental frequency.