File 6

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The study of linguistic meaning

Question 2

sense

Answer 2

A mental representation of an expression’s meaning

Question 3

reference

Answer 3

A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world.

Question 4

referents

Answer 4

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.

Question 5

Mental image

Answer 5

A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mid of the language user that represents its meaning.

Question 6

prototype

Answer 6

For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set.

Question 7

hyponymy

Answer 7

A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y.

Question 8

hypernym

Answer 8

See hyponymy

Question 9

antonymy

Answer 9

A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.

Question 10

gradable

Answer 10

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.

Question 11

truth value

Answer 11

Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.

Question 12

truth conditions

Answer 12

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 13

entailment

Answer 13

A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in canse if p is true, q has to be true as well.

Question 14

incompatible

Answer 14

The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 15

compositional

Answer 15

The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 16

idioms

Answer 16

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.

Question 17

pure intersection

Answer 17

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things.

Question 18

intersective adjectives

Answer 18

An adjective whose reference is determines independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 19

relative intersection

Answer 19

Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 20

non-intersection

Answer 20

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things.

Question 21

anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 21

An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.

Question 22

subsective adjectives

Answer 22

Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.

Question 23

principle of compositionality

Answer 23

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 24

mutual entailment

Answer 24

the relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.

Question 25

proposition

Answer 25

The sense expressed by a sentence.

Question 26

reverses

Answer 26

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that “undoes” the movement suggested by the other.

Question 27

converses

Answer 27

Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.

Question 28

synonymy

Answer 28

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.

Question 29

sister terms

Answer 29

Words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy.

Question 30

hyponym

Answer 30

A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y.